Plough invented in Mesopotamia (c.3500 bc)
Sail invented in Egypt (c.3500 bc)
Wheel invented in Mesopotamia (c.3500 bc)
Flax used to make textiles in Egypt (c.3400 bc)
Raking and manuring used in Egypt (c.3200 bc)
Egyptian religious drama appears – 1st theatre
(c.3200 bc)
King Menes unites Egypt (c.3100 bc)
Dam built on River Nile (c.3100 bc)
1st Egyptian Dynasty (c.3050 – 2890 bc)
Bronze used in south east Asia (c.3000 bc)
Cuneiform writing developed in Sumer (c.3000 bc)
Solar calendar developed in Sumer (c.3000 bc)
Domestication of pigs in East Asia (c.2900 bc)
Cheops Great Pyramid (c.2900 bc)
2nd Egyptian Dynasty (2890 – 2686 bc)
Start of Golden Age of China (2850 bc)
King Gilgamesh of Uruk (c.2700 bc)
Old Kingdom of Egypt (c.2686 – 2181 bc)
3rd Egyptian Dynasty (2686 – 2613 bc)
4th Egyptian Dynasty (2613 – 2498 bc)
Start of Minoan period in Crete (c.2600 bc)
Domestication of horses in central Asia (c.2500 bc)
Start of Indus Valley Civilisation (c.2500 bc)
1st Dynasty of Ur (c.2500 – 2375 bc)
5th Egyptian Dynasty (2498 – 2345 bc)
Stonehenge built (c.2400 bc)
Unetice Culture (c.2400 – 1800 bc)
Wine produced in Egypt (c.2350 bc)
Akkadian Empire (c.2350 – 2150 bc)
6th Egyptian Dynasty (2345 – 2181 bc)
Sargon I, King of Akkad (c.2334 – 2279 bc)
Abraham (c.2300 bc)
Start of Chinese Xia Dynasty (c.2200 bc)
1st Intermediate Period in Egyprt (2181 – 1991 bc)
7th Egyptian Dynasty (2181 – 2173 bc)
8th Egyptian Dynasty (2173 – 2160 bc)
9th Egyptian Dynasty (2160 – 2130 bc)
11th Egyptian Dynasty (2134 – 1991 bc)
10th Egyptian Dynasty (2130 – 2040 bc)
The Epic of Gilgamesh written
(c.2000 – 1500 bc)
Hittites invade Anatolia (c.2000 bc)
Middle Kingdom in Egypt (1991 – 1782 bc)
12th Egyptian Dynasty (1991 – 1782 bc)
Palace of Knossos built (1950 bc)
Fall of Indus Valley Civilisation (c.1900 bc)
Assyrian state founded (c.1800 bc)
13th Egyptian Dynasty (1786 – ? bc)
2nd Intermediate Period in Egypt (1786 – 1570 bc)
Chinese Shang-Yin Dynasty (1766 – 1122 bc)
Code of Hammurabi at Babylon (1751 bc)
14th Egyptian Dynasty (1705 – 1674 bc)
15th Egyptian Dynasty (1674 – 1567 bc)
16th Egyptian Dynasty (1663 – ? bc)
Hittite Empire (c.1650 – 1200 bc)
17th Egyptian Dynasty (1650 – 1570 bc)
Start of Mycenaean Period in Greece (c.1600 bc)
New Kingdom of Egypt (1570 – 1070 bc)
18th Egyptian Dynasty (1570 – 1293 bc)
Thutmoses I (c.1504 – 1492 bc)
'Linear B' script used in Crete (c.1500 bc)
Ideographic script used in China (c.1500 bc)
Silk invented (c.1500 bc)
Battle of Megiddo (c.1480) bc
New Hittite Empire (c.1450 – 1200 bc)
Destruction of Minoan Crete (c.1450 bc)
Iron ploughshares used in India (c.1400 bc)
Sack of Troy (c.1350 bc)
Tutankhamen (c.1334 – 1325 bc)
Phoenecians start to trade in the Mediterranean
(c.1300 bc)
19th Egyptian Dynasty (1293 – 1185 bc)
Battle of Qadesh (c.1285 bc)
Rameses II (c.1279 – 1212 bc)
Exodus of Israelites (1230 bc)
Rameses III (c.1200 – 1168 bc)
Ten Commandments (c.1200 bc)
20th Egyptian Dynasty (1185 – 1070 bc)
Fall of Troy (1183 bc)
Olmec Civilisation in Mexico started (c.1150 bc)
Nebuchadrezzar I (c.1125 – 1103 bc)
Chinese Chou Dynasty (1122 – 249 bc)
Tiglath-Pilesser I of Assyria (1115 – 1077 bc)
Magnetic needle used in China (1115 bc)
Alphabetic script developed by Phoenecians
(c.1100 bc)
High Priests of Amun rule in Egypt (1080 – 945 bc)
21st Egyptian Dynasty (1069 – 945 bc)
King Saul (c.1020 – 1005 bc)
King David (c.1005 – 965 bc)
Etruscans arrive in Italy (c.1000 bc)
Hiram I of Tyre (969 – 936 bc)
King Solomon (c.965 – 928 bc)
Sparta founded (c.950 bc)
22nd Egyptian Dynasty (c.945 – 715 bc)
Temple at Jerusalem started (961 bc)
Sack of Jerusalem (c.926 bc)
Israel and Judah divided (925 – 722 bc)
Kingdom of Kush (Nubia) founded (c.900 bc)
Start of Assyrian chronological records (893 bc)
Ahab, King of Israel (c.875 – 854 bc)
Jehosophat, King of Judah (c.873 – 849 bc)
Number zero used in India (876 bc)
23rd Egyptian Dynasty (818 – 715 bc)
Phoenecian colony at Carthage founded (814 bc)
Celtic tribes reach Britain (c.800 bc)
Libu rule in Egypt (800 – 727 bc)
Greek alphabet invented (c.800 bc)
1st Olympic Games (776 bc)
Rome founded (753 bc)
Romulus, 1st King of Rome (r.753 – 715 bc)
1st Messenian War of Sparta (740 – 720 bc)
King Midas (c.738 – 695 bc)
25th Egyptian Dynasty (730 – 656 bc)
24th Egyptian Dynasty (727 – ? bc)
Sybaris founded (721 bc)
Homer (? bc)
Amos (? bc)
Numa Pompilius, King of Rome (r.715 – 673 bc)
Hallstatt culture (c.700 – 450 bc)
Scythians spread into Europe (c.700 bc)
Rule by Archons in Athens started (683 bc)
Tullus Hostilius, King of Rome (r.673 – 641 bc)
Assyrians destroy Babylon (c.669 bc)
26th Egyptian Dynasty (664 – 525 bc)
Assyrians conquer Egypt (663 bc)
Jimmu becomes 1st Japanese Emperor (c.660 bc)
1st coins used in Lidya (c.650 bc)
Ancus Marcius, King of Rome (r.641 – 616 bc)
Solon (c.638 – 560 bc)
Aesop (629 – 560 bc)
Chaldaean Empire (629 – 539 bc)
Periander's tyranny in Corinth (c.627 – 585 bc)
Draco's Legal Code (624 bc)
Thales of Miletus (c.620 – 550 bc)
Tarquinius Priscus, King of Rome (r.616 – 579 bc)
Fall of Assyrian Empire (c.614 bc)
Nineveh destroyed (612 bc)
Anaximander (c.610 – 550 bc)
Phoenecians circumnavigate Africa (c.610 bc)
Lao-tzu (605 – 520 bc)
Nebuchadnezzar or Nebuchadrezzar II (605 – 562 bc)
Windmills used to grind corn in Persia (c.600 bc)
Sappho (fl.c.600 bc)
Cyrus (600 – 529 bc)
Mahavira (c.599 – 527 bc)
Fall of Jerusalem (586 bc)
Babylonian captivity of the Jews (586 bc)
Solar eclipse ends Halys River War (585 bc)
Servius Tullius, King of Rome (r.579 – 534 bc)
Pythagoras (c.572 – 497 bc)
Anaximenes (c.570 – 510 bc)
Pharaoh Amasis (570 – 526 bc)
Buddha (c.563 – 483 bc)
King Darius I of Persia (c.558 – 486 bc)
1st festival held at the Acropolis (556 bc)
Confucius (551 – 479 bc)
Persian Empire of Achaemenid (550 – 330 bc)
Croesus, King of Lydia (d.c.546 bc)
Heraclitus (c.540 – 490 bc)
Maghada Empire (c.540 – 321 bc)
Fall of Babylon (539 bc)
Battle of Alalia (535 bc)
Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome (r.534 – 510 bc)
Mahavira (d.528 bc)
Themistocles (528 – 462 bc)
Aeschylus (c.525 – 456 bc)
27th (Persian) Egyptian Dynasty (525 – 404 bc)
Cambyses II conquers Egypt (525 bc)
Nile and Red Sea connected by canal (c.520 bc)
Paramenides (520 – 430 bc)
Pindar (518 – 438 bc)
Sun Tzu (? bc)
Hipparchus assassinated (514 bc)
Sybaris destroyed by Croton (510 bc)
Etruscan dynasty falls, Roman Republic founded
(510 bc)
Democratic constitution in Athens (508 bc)
Hieroglyphic writing used in Mexico (c.500 bc)
Caste system established in India (c.500 bc)
Nok culture in Africa (c.500 bc – ad 200)
Sophocles (c.496 – 406 bc)
Pericles (c.495 – 429 bc)
Zeno of Elea (c.490 – 430 bc)
Empedocles (c.490 – 430 bc)
Phidias (c.490 – 417 bc)
Greeks defeat Persians at Marathon (490 bc)
Egyptian uprising (485 bc)
Herodotus (c.484 – 424 bc)
Euripides (c.484 – 407 bc)
Melissus (480 – 420 bc)
Battle of Thermopylae (480 bc)
Anaxagoras (5th century bc)
Socrates (c.470 – 399 bc)
Hippocrates (c.460 – 377 bc)
Thucydides (460 – 400 bc)
Democritus (460 – 370 bc)
Hipparcos of Metapontum (? bc)
Aristophanes (457 – 385 bc)
Leucippus (450 – 390 bc)
12 Tables of Roman Law (449 bc)
Conon (c.442 – 392 bc)
Parthenon built (438 bc)
Isocrates (436 – 338 bc)
Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 bc)
Xenophon (c.430 – 354 bc)
Plato (427 – 347 bc)
Massacre of Melos (416 bc)
Diogenes (412 – 323 bc)
28th Egyptian Dynasty (404 – 399 bc)
'Warring States' period in China (403 – 221 bc)
29th Egyptian Dynasty (399 – 380 bc)
Rome sacked by Gauls (c.390 bc)
Demosthenes (c.384 – 322 bc)
Aristotle (384 – 322 bc)
30th Egyptian Dynasty (380 – 343 bc)
Mencius (371 – 288 bc)
Praxiteles (? bc)
Pyrrho of Elis (c.360 – 270 bc)
Alexander the Great (356 – 323 bc)
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus built (353 bc)
Huns invade Persia and India (c.350 bc)
Ch'u Yuan (343 – 277 bc)
Menander (c.343 – 291 bc)
Epicurus (341 – 270 bc)
Zeno of Citium (c.335 – 262 bc)
Battle of Issus (333 bc)
1st public library established in Athens (c.330 bc)
Alexander reaches India (329 bc)
2nd Samnite Wars (326 – 304 bc)
Alexander conquers Egypt (322 bc)
Mauryan Empire (321 – 185 bc)
Pyrrhus (319 – 272 bc)
Seleucid Empire (312 – 64 bc)
Via Appia (312 bc)
Ptolemy I (311 – 282 bc)
Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt (311 – 30 BC bc)
Theocritus (c.310 – 265 bc)
Callimachus (305 – 204 bc)
3rd Samnite War (298 – 290 bc)
Alexandrian Library (290 bc)
Rome dominates central Italy (c.290 bc)
Euclid of Alexandria (? bc)
Archimedes (c.287 – 212 bc)
Colossus of Rhodes built (280 bc)
Eubulides of Miletus (? bc)
Eratosthenes (c.276 – 194 bc)
1st Punic War (264 – 241 bc)
Apollonius of Perga (c.262 – 190 bc)
Romans attack Carthage (c.256 bc)
Plautus (254 – 184 bc)
Pharos of Alexandria built (248 bc)
Parthia founded (247 bc)
Hannibal (247 – 183 bc)
Quintus Ennius (239 – 169 bc)
Solar year calculated to 365 days by Egyptians
(238 bc)
Marcus Porcius Cato (234 – 149 bc)
2nd Punic War (218 – 201 bc)
Battle of Cannas (216 bc)
1st Macedonian War (215 – 205 bc)
Rome conquers Spain (206 bc)
Chinese Han Dynasty (206 BC – AD 220 bc)
2nd Macedonian War (200 – 197 bc)
Eumenes, King of Pergamum (197 – 159 bc)
Roman Seleucid War (192 – 188 bc)
Terence (190 – 159 bc)
3rd Macedonian War (171 – 168 bc)
Rome conquers Macedonia (168 bc)
Macedonian uprising (166 – 160 bc)
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (c.163 – 133 bc)
Hipparchus (c.160 – 125 bc)
Hasmonasan Dynasty (160 – 63 bc)
Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (c.153 – 121 bc)
3rd Punic War (149 – 146 bc)
Romans Destroy Carthage (146 bc)
Romans conquer Greece (146 bc)
1st stone bridge over Tiber completed (142 bc)
1st slave rebellion in Sicily (136 – 132 bc)
Marcus Terentius Varro (116 – 27 bc)
Silk Road (112 bc)
Jugurthan War (111 – 105 bc)
Pompey (106 – 48 bc)
Marcus Tallius Cicero (106 – 43 bc)
2nd slave rebellion in Sicily (104 – 101 bc)
Camel introduced to North Africa (c.100 bc)
Lucretius (c.99 – 55 bc)
Roman Federal War (91 – 88 bc)
Catullus (87 – 54 bc)
Marcus Antonius 'Mark Antony' (83 – 30 bc)
Armenians invade Syria (83 bc)
Dictatorship of Sulla (82 – 79 bc)
Ssu-ma Ch'ien (d.79 bc)
King Herod (r.73 – 4 bc)
Catiline (d.62 bc)
3rd slave rebellion (73 – 71 bc)
Spartacus (d.71 bc)
Virgil (70 – 19 bc)
Cleopatra (69 – 30 bc)
Horace (65 – 8 bc)
Pompey the Great conquers Syria (64 bc)
Strato (64 bc – ad 21)
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (c.63 – 12 bc)
Pompey, Crassus and Caesar form 1st Triumvirate
(60 bc)
Livy (59 bc – ad 17)
Gallic War (58 – 51 bc)
Romans invade Britain (55 bc)
Albius Tibullus (c.54 – 19 bc)
Battle of Carrhae (53 bc)
Romans conquer Gaul (49 bc)
Julius Caesar crosses Rubicon (49 bc)
Caesar occupies Alexandria (48 bc)
Civil War in Rome (47 – 45 bc)
Julian calendar introduced (46 bc)
Julius Caesar assassinated (44 bc)
Octavian, Marcus Antonius and Lepidus form
Second Triumvirate (43 bc)
Ovid (43 bc – ad 17)
War between Octavian and Marcus Antonius (32 –
31 bc)
Marcus Antonius defeated at Actium (31 bc)
Egypt under Roman rule (31 bc – ad 641)
Egypt becomes Roman province (30 bc)
End of Roman Republic and start of Empire (27 bc)
Octavian becomes Augustus Caesar, 1st Roman
Emperor (27 bc)
Augustus (r.27 bc – ad 14)
Phaedrus (c.15 bc – ad 50)
Seneca (4 bc – ad 65)
Jesus of Nazareth (4 bc – ad 29)
Massacre of Bethlehem Boys (4 bc)
St. Paul (c.3 – 68)
Tiberius (r.14 – 37)
Celsus (14 – 37)
Pliny the Elder (23 – 79)
Boudicca (? – 62)
St. Peter, 1st Bishop of Rome (Pope) (d.c.67)
Caligula (12 – 41) (r.37 – 41)
Martial (c.38 – 102)
Lucan (39 – 65)
Caractacus (1st century?)
Claudius (r.41 – 54)
Romans invade Britain (43)
Romans annex Morocco (44)
Publius Papinus Statius (c.45 – 96)
Plutarch (46 – 120)
Epictetus (50 – 138)
Parthia defeats Rome (53)
Nero (r.54 – 68)
Tacitus (55 – 120)
Juvenal (55 – 140)
Revolt of the Iceni (60)
Pope St. Linus (r.67 – 76)
Galba (r.68 – 69)
Otho (r.69)
Vitellius (r.69)
Vespian (r.69 – 79)
Destruction of Temple at Jerusalem (70)
Fall of Masada (73)
Pope St. Anacletus (r.76 – 88)
Titus (r.79 – 81)
Eruption of Vesuvius and destruction of Pompeii
(79)
Domitian (r.81 – 96)
Colosseum completed (86)
Pope St. Clement (r.88 – 97)
Nerva (r.96 – 98)
Pope St. Evaristus (r.97 – 105)
Trajan (r.98 – 117)
St. Justin (c.100 – 163)
Pope St. Alexander I (r.105 – 115)
Paper invented in China (105)
Pope St. Sixtus I (r.115 – 125)
Hadrian (r.117 – 138)
Hadrian's Wall built (122 – 128)
Pope St. Telesphorus (r.125 – 136)
Lucian (c.125 – 190)
Galen (129 – 199)
Diaspora (dispersal of the Jews) (132)
Jewish Revolt (132 – 136)
Pope St. Hyginus (r.136 – 140)
Antonius Pius (r.138 – 161)
Ptolemy of Alexandria (fl. 140)
Pope St. Pius I (r.140 – 155)
Antonine's Wall built (143)
Fire of Carthage (145)
Clement of Alexandria (c.150 – 215)
Buddhism reaches China (c.150)
Pope St. Anicetus (r.155 – 166)
Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180) (r.161 – 180)
Roman Empire suffers smallpox epidemic (165)
Roman trade delegation to China (166)
Pope St. Soter (r.166 – 175)
Macromannic Wars (167 – 180)
Pope St. Eleutherius (r.175 – 189)
Caracalla (176 – 217)
Caracalla (r.211 – 217)
Commodus (r.180 – 192)
'Yellow Hats' Uprising (184)
Pope St. Victor I (r.189 – 199)
Pertinax (r.193)
Didius Julianus (r.193)
Septimus Severus (r.193 – 211)
Pope St. Zephyrinus (r.199 – 217)
Misnah completed
(c.200)
Roman citizenship conferred on all free
inhabitants of Empire (212)
Mani (215 – 276)
Pope St. Callistus I (r.217 – 222)
Macrinus (r.217 – 218)
Diophantus of Alexandria (?)
Elagabalus (r.218 – 222)
Chinese 'Six Dynasties' (220 – 589)
Pope St. Urban I (r.222 – 230)
Severus Alexander (r.222 – 235)
Sassanian Empire (224 – 651)
Pope St. Pontain (r.230 – 235)
Pope St. Anterus (r.235 – 236)
Maximinus Thrax (r.235 – 238)
Pope St. Fabian (r.236 – 250)
Gordian I (r.238)
Gordian II (r.238)
Gordian III (r.238 – 244)
Porphyry (c.232 – 304)
Philippus (r.244 – 249)
Decius (r.249 – 251)
St. Christopher (?)
St. Antony of Egypt (c.251 – 356)
Pope St. Cornelius (r.251 – 253)
Gallus (r.251 – 253)
Pope St. Lucius I (r.253 – 254)
Aemilian (r.253)
Valerian (r.253 – 269)
Pope St. Stephen I (r.254 – 257)
Pope St. Sixtus II (r.257 – 258)
Pope St. Dionysius (r.259 – 268)
Gallienus (r.260 – 268)
Eusebius (c.265 – 340)
Claudius II (r.268 – 270)
Pope St. Felix I (r.269 – 274)
Aurelian (r.270 – 275)
Pope St. Eutychian (r.275 – 283)
Tacitus (r.275 – 276)
Florian (r.276)
Probus (r.276 – 282)
Carus (r.282 – 283)
Pope St. Caius (r.283 – 296)
Carinus (Western Empire) (r.283 – 285)
Diocletian creates Tetrarchy (284 – 305)
Roman - Sassanian Treaty (284)
Confucianism introduced to Japan (285)
Maximian (Western Empire) (r.286 – 305)
St. Sebastian (d.c.288)
1st Stela built at Tikal (292)
Pope St. Marcellinus (r.296 – 304)
Britain divided into four Roman provinces (296)
Stirrup invented in Asia (c.300)
St. George (d.303)
Constantius (Western Empire) (r.305 – 306)
Maxentius (Western Empire) (r.306 – 312)
Maximinus (Western Empire) (r.308 – 313)
Pope St. Marcellus I (r.308 – 309)
Pope St. Eusebius (r.c.309 – 310)
Pope St. Miltiades (r.311 – 314)
Constantine (r.311 – 337)
Edict of Milan (313)
Pope St. Sylvester I (r.314 – 335)
St. Martin of Tours (316 – 397)
Gupta Empire in India (320 – c.500)
Iron foundry built in Silchester, Hampshire
(c.325)
Byzantine Emperor Constantine converted to
Christianity (330)
Constantinople becomes capital of Roman Empire
(330)
Pope St. Marcus (r.336)
Constantius II (r.337 – 360)
Pope St. Julius I (r.337 – 352)
St. Jerome (c.340 – 420)
St. John Chrysostom (345 – 407)
Chinese declare war on the Huns (350)
Pope Liberius (r.352 – 366)
St. Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430)
Pelagius (360 – 420)
Julian (r.360 – 363)
Jovian (r.363 – 364)
Valentinian I (Western Empire) (r.364 – 375)
Pope St. Damasus I (r.366 – 384)
Hypatia (c.370 – 415)
Valentinian II (Western Empire) (r.375 – 392)
St. Cyril of Alexandria (376 – 444)
Theodosius I (r.378 – 395)
Visigoths defeat Romans at Adrianople (378)
St. Nicholas (4th century)
St. Ursula (d.c.380)
Pope St. Siricius (r.384 – 399)
St. Patrick (c.389 – 461)
Olympic Games banned (393)
Division of Roman Empire (395)
Pope St. Anastasius I (r.399 – 401)
Pope St. Innocent I (r.401 – 417)
Attila the Hun (c.406 – 453)
Bible translation into Latin (Vulgate) completed
(404)
Vandals invade Gaul (406)
Last Roman garrison leaves Britain (407)
Vandals invade Spain (409)
Visigoths sack Rome (410)
Burgundian Empire (413 – 534)
Pope St. Zosimus (r.417 – 418)
Pope St. Boniface I (r.418 – 422)
Pope St. Celestine I (r.422 – 432)
'White Huns' invade India (c.428)
Vandal Kingdom established in North Africa (429)
Vandal Empire (429 – 534)
Pope St. Sixtus III (r.432 – 440)
Pope St. Leo I (r.440 – 461)
Jutes, Angles and Saxons colonise Britain (from
c.450)
Battle of the Catalonian Plains (451)
Pope St. Hilary (r.461 – 468)
Pope St. Simplicius (r.468 – 483)
Fall of Western Roman Empire (476)
Gupta Empire defeated (480)
St. Benedict (c.480 – 547)
Boethius (c.480 – 524)
Clovis, 1st Frankish Emperor (r.481 – 511)
Pope St. Felix III (II) (r.483 – 492)
Pope St. Gelasius I (r.492 – 496)
Ostragoths take control of Italy (493)
Theodoric, 1st Ostragothic Emperor (r.493 – 526)
Pope Anastasius II (r.496 – 498)
Pope St. Symmachus (r.498 – 514)
King Arthur (?)
Visigothic Empire (507 – 711)
Pope St. Hormisdas (r.514 – 523)
Decimal system of mathematics devised (c.520)
Battle of Mount Badon (c.520)
St. Columba (521 – 597)
Pope St. John I (r.523 – 526)
Pope St. Felix IV (III) (r.526 – 530)
Closure of Athens schools (529)
Pope Boniface II (r.530 – 532)
Pope John II (r.533 – 535)
Justinian restores Roman rule in North Africa
(533)
Justinian issues Legal Code (534)
Pope St. Agapetus I (r.535 – 536)
St. Brendan (?)
Pope St. Silvarius (r.536 – 537)
Pope Vigilius (r.537 – 555)
Hagia Sophia in Constantinople consecrated (538)
St. David (6th century)
Plague in Europe (542)
Buddhism reaches Japan (c.550)
Justinian restores Roman rule in Italy (552)
Pope Pelagius I (r.556 – 561)
Isidore of Seville (c.560 – 636)
Pope John III (r.561 – 574)
St. Columba visits Iona and founds Monastery
(563)
Venice founded (568)
Lombard conquest of northern Italy (568)
Mohammed (570 – 632)
Pope Benedict I (r.575 – 579)
Battle of Deorham (577)
Pope Pelagius II (r.579 – 590)
Pope St. Gregory I (r.590 – 604)
Augustine lands in Kent (597)
King's School, Canterbury, founded (600)
St. Aiden (c.600 – 651)
Pope Sabinianus (r.604 – 606)
St. Oswald (c.605 – 642)
Grand Canal of China built (605)
Pope Boniface III (r.607)
Unification of Tibet (607)
Pope St. Boniface IV (r.608 – 615)
Start of Hellenistic period in Eastern Roman
Empire (610)
Anarchy in China (c.612 – 618)
Pope St. Deusdedit (Adeodatus) (r.615 – 618)
Chinese T'Ang Dynasty (618 – 906)
Pope Boniface V (r.619 – 625)
Start of Islamic calendar (622)
Pope Honorius I (r.625 – 638)
St. Peter's School, York, founded (627)
Battle of Nineveh (627)
Cotton introduced to Arabia (c.630)
Lindisfarne Monasetry founded (635)
Arabs capture Syria (636)
Arabs invade Iraq (637)
Arabs capture Jerusalem (638)
Arab conquest of Egypt (639 – 641)
Pope Severinus (r.640)
Pope John IV (r.640 – 642)
Pope Theodore I (r.642 – 649)
Buddhism reaches Tibet (c.645)
Pope St. Martin I (r.649 – 655)
Pope St. Eugene I (r.654 – 657)
Caedmon (c.7th century)
Pope St. Vitalian (r.657 – 672)
Islam divided into Shiites and Sunnites (661)
Umayyad Caliphate (661 – 750)
Synod of Whitby (664)
Pope Adeodatus II (r.672 – 676)
The Venerable Bede (673 – 735)
Arab conquest of Tunisia (675)
Pope Donus (r.676 – 678)
St. John of Damascus (c.676 – 754)
Silla unifies Korea (676)
Pope St. Agatho (r.678 – 681)
Bulgars invade Balkans (680)
St. Boniface (680 – 754)
Pope St. Leo II (r.682 – 683)
Pope St. Benedict II (r.684 – 685)
Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem (685)
Pope John V (r.685 – 686)
Pope Conon (r.686 – 687)
Battle of Tertry (687)
Pope St. Sergius I (r.687 – 701)
Arabic becomes language of administration for
Umayyad (c.690)
Carthage destroyed by Arabs (698)
Arab conquest of Morocco (700)
Arab conquest of Morocco (700)
Pope John VI (r.701 – 705)
Li Po (701 – 762)
Pope John VII (r.705 – 707)
Pope Sisinnius (r.708)
Pope Constantine (r.708 – 715)
Fall of the Goths (711)
Arabs invade Spain (711)
Arab conquest of Sind and Samarkand (712)
Tu Fu (712 – 770)
Pope St. Gregory II (r.715 – 731)
Arabs defeated at Constantinople (718)
Koran written (c.725)
Printing developed in China (c.730)
Pope St. Gregory III (r.731 – 741)
Battle of Poitiers (732)
Alcuin of York (735 – 804)
Pope St. Zachary (r.741 – 752)
Charlemagne (742 – 814)
Uighur Empire in Mongolia (745 – 840)
Abbasid Caliphate founded (750)
Battle of River Talas (751)
Paper making spreads to Islamic world (751)
Pope St. Stephen II (r.752)
Pope St. Stephen II (III) (r.752 – 757)
Pepin III, King of France (r.752 – 768)
Pepin III and Childerich III, Kings of France
(r.751 – 752)
Pope becomes temporal ruler of Papal States
(756)
Offa, King of Mercia (r.757 – 796)
Pope St. Paul I (r.757 – 767)
St. Walpurga (8th century)
Algebra and trigonometry developed by Arabs
(c.760)
Arabs adopt Indian numerals (c.760)
Harun al-Rashid (763 – 809)
Han Yu (768 – 824)
Pope Stephen III (IV) (r.768 – 772)
Charlemagne, King of France (r.768 – 814)
Arabic numerals developed (c.770)
Cynewulf (?)
Pope Adrian I (r.772 – 795)
Bo Juyi (772 – 846)
Charlemagne conquers northern Italy (774)
Battle of Otford (776)
Roland (d.778)
Battle of Bensington (779)
Beorhtric (r.786 – 802)
Great Mosque in Cordoba built (788)
1st Viking raid in Britain (789)
Lindisfarne raided by Vikings (793)
Haian Period in Japan (794 – 1185)
Pope St. Leo III (r.795 – 816)
Coenwulf (r.796 – 821)
Cuthred (r.798 – 807)
Charlemagne crowned 1st Holy Roman Emperor (800)
'Open field' system of farming appears in
Northern Europe (c.800)
Book of Kells completed
(c.800)
Temple at Borobudur in Java built (c.800)
Ecgbert, King of Wessex (r.802 – 839)
Khmer Empire (802 – 1432)
Treaty of Aachen (812)
Louis I, King of France (r.814 – 840)
Pope Stephen IV (V) (r.816 – 817)
Pope St. Paschal I (r.817 – 824)
Coelwulf (r.821 – 823)
Baldred (r.823 – 825)
Beornwulf (r.823 – 825)
Pope Eugene II (r.824 – 827)
Ludica (r.825 – 827)
Pope Valentine (r.827)
Pope Gregory IV (r.827 – 844)
Ecgbert (r.827 – 839)
Wiglaf (r.827 – 829)
Arabs invade Sicily (827)
St. Marks, Venice, built (832)
Aethelwulf (r.839 – 858)
Lothair I, King of France (r.840 – 843)
Collapse of Tibetan Empire (842)
Charles II (the Bald), King of France (r.843 –
877)
Treaty of Verdun (843)
Kenneth McAlpin (r.843 – 858)
Rhodri the Great, King of Wales (r.844 – 878)
Pope Sergius II (r.844 – 847)
Pope St. Leo IV (r.847 – 855)
1st Polynesian settlers in New Zealand (c.850)
Pope Benedict III (r.855 – 858)
Aethelbald (r.858 – 860)
Pope St. Nicholas I (r.858 – 867)
Aethelbhert (r.858 – 866)
Rurik the Viking founds Novgorod (862)
Cyrillic alphabet devised in eastern Europe
(863)
Conversion to Christianity of Bulgars and
Serbians (865)
Aethelred I (r.866 – 871)
Pope Adrian II (r.867 – 872)
1st book printed in China (868)
Alfred the Great (r.871 – 900)
Pope John VIII (r.872 – 882)
Reykjavik founded (874)
Paris besieged by Vikings (877)
Louis II, King of France (r.877 – 879)
Louis III, King of France (r.879 – 882)
Kiev becomes capital of Russia (882)
Charles III (the Fat), King of France (r.882 –
888)
Pope Marinus I (r.882 – 884)
Pope St. Adrian III (r.884 – 885)
Pope Stephen V (VI) (r.885 – 891)
Odo, King of France (r.888 – 893)
Angkor founded (889)
Hywell Dda (890 – 950)
Pope Formosus (r.891 – 896)
Charles III (the Simple), King of France (r.893
– 922)
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle begun
(893)
Fujiwara Dynasty in Japan (895 – 1192)
Pope Boniface VI (r.896)
Pope Stephen VI (VII) (r.896 – 897)
Pope Romanus (r.897)
Pope Theodore II (r.897)
Pope John IX (r.898 – 900)
Edward the Elder (r.900 – 924)
Pope Benedict IV (r.900 – 903)
Pope Leo V (r.903)
Pope Sergius III (r.904 – 911)
St. Wenceslas (907 – 929)
Chinese 'Five Dynasties' (907 – 960)
Abbey at Cluny founded (910)
Pope Anastasius III (r.911 – 913)
Viking Rollo becomes 1st Duke of Normandy (911)
Pope Landus (r.913 – 914)
Warwick School founded (914)
Pope John X (r.914 – 928)
Henry the Fowler founds Saxon dynasty (919)
Robert I, King of France (r.922 – 923)
Rudolf, King of France (r.923 – 936)
Aethelstan (r.924 – 940)
St. Dunstan (c.924 – 988)
Brian Boru (926 – 1014)
Pope Leo VI (r.928)
Pope Stephen VII (VIII) (r.928 – 931)
Pope John XI (r.931 – 935)
Tithes introduced in England (935)
Pope Leo VII (r.936 – 939)
Louis IV, King of France (r.936 – 954)
Caliphs lose power in Baghdad (936)
Battle of Brunanburh (937)
Pope Stephen VIII (IX) (r.939 – 942)
Vietnam becomes independent of China (939)
Edmund I (r.940 – 946)
Eric the Red (c.940 – 1010)
Pope Marinus II (r.942 – 946)
Persian Buyid Dynasty (945 – 1055)
Eadred (r.946 – 955)
Pope Agapetus II (r.946 – 955)
St. Albans School founded (948)
Algiers founded (950)
Lothair II, King of France (r.954 – 986)
Pope John XII (r.955 – 964)
Magyars defeated by Otto I at Lechfeld (955)
Eadwig (r.955 – 959)
Unification in England (959)
Eadgar (r.959 – 975)
Polish state founded (960)
Chinese Sung Dynasty (960)
Leif Ericsson (?)
Otto I of Germany crowned Emperor in Rome (962)
Pope Leo VIII (r.963 – 965)
Pope Benedict V (r.964 – 966)
Pope John XIII (r.965 – 972)
Egypt conquered by Fatimids (969)
Cairo founded (969)
Hungary founded (972)
Pope Benedict VI (r.973 – 974)
Pope Benedict VII (r.974 – 983)
St. Stephen of Hungary (c.975 – 1038)
Edward the Martyr (r.975 – 978)
Aethelred II (r.978 – 1016)
Pope John XIV (r.983 – 984)
Eric the Red discovers Vinland (984)
Pope John XV (r.985 – 996)
Louis V, King of France (r.986 – 987)
Capetian Dynasty in France (987 – 1328)
Hugues Capet, King of France (r.987 – 996)
Battle of Maldon (991)
Robert II, King of France (r.996 – 1031)
Pope Gregory V (r.996 – 999)
Pope Sylvester II (r.999 – 1003)
Vikings colonise Greenland (c.1000)
Land reclamation and use of dykes in Netherlands
(c.1000)
1st iron-age settlement in Zimbabwe (c.1000)
St. Brice's Day Massacre (1002)
Pope John XVII (r.1003)
Pope John XVIII (r.1004 – 1009)
Lanfranc (1005 – 1089)
Malcolm II, King of Scotland (r.1005 – 1034)
Pope Sergius IV (r.1009 – 1012)
Pope Benedict VIII (r.1012 – 1024)
Danes conquer England (1013)
England divided into shires (1013)
Battle of Clontarf (1014)
Edmund II (r.1016)
Cnut (r.1016 – 1035)
Pope John XIX (r.1024 – 1032)
St. Bruno (c.1030 – 1101)
Henri I, King of France (r.1031 – 1060)
Caliphate in Cordoba divided (1031)
Pope Benedict IX (r.1032 – 1044)
Anselm of Canterbury (c.1033 – 1109)
Duncan I, King of Scotland (r.1034 – 1040)
Harold I (r.1035 – 1040)
Omar Khayyam (?)
Lady Godiva (c.1040 – 1080)
'El Cid' (1040 – 1099)
Macbeth, King of Scotland (r.1040 – 1057)
Seljuk Empire (1040 – 1157)
Harthacnut (r.1040 – 1042)
Edward the Confessor (r.1042 – 1066)
1st Burmese Empire (1044 – 1287)
St. Margaret (c.1045 – 1093)
Pope Sylvester III (r.1045)
Pope Benedict IX (r.1045)
Pope Gregory VI (r.1045 – 1046)
Pope Clement II (r.1046 – 1047)
Pope Benedict IX (r.1047 – 1048)
Pope Damasus II (r.1048)
Pope St. Leo IX (r.1049 – 1054)
Pope Victor II (r.1055 – 1057)
Seljuks capture Baghdad (1055)
Pope Stephen IX (X) (r.1057 – 1058)
Malcolm III 'Canmore', King of Scotland (r.1057
– 1093)
Pope Nicholas II (r.1059 – 1061)
Lateran Synod (1059)
Philippe I, King of France (r.1060 – 1108)
Normans invade Sicily (1060)
Pope Alexander II (r.1061 – 1073)
Reconquista in Spain (1063)
Harold II (r.1066)
Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066)
Battle of Hastings (1066)
William I (r.1066 – 1087)
Lincoln Castle built (1068)
Hereward the Wake leads revolt against Normans
(1070)
Knights Hospitallers founded (1070)
Seljuks capture Jerusalem (1071)
Seljuks capture Byzantium (1071)
Pope St. Gregory VII (r.1073 – 1085)
William of Malmesbury (c.1080 – 1143)
Ely Cathedral started (1083)
Pope Victor III (r.1086 – 1087)
Domesday Book (1086)
Pope Urban II (r.1088 – 1099)
William II (r.1087 – 1100)
Bayeux Tapestry (c.1090)
Hasan-i-Sabbah founds Assassins (1090)
Cardiff Castle started (1090)
Durham Cathedral started (1093)
Donald III 'Donalbane', King of Scotland (r.1093
– 1094)
Duncan II, King of Scotland (r.1094)
Donald III, King of Scotland (restored) (r.1094
– 1097)
Council of Clermont (1095)
Norwich Cathedral started (1096)
First Crusade (1096 – 1099)
Edgar, King of Scotland (r.1097 – 1107)
Pope Paschal II (r.1099 – 1118)
Henry I (r.1100 – 1135)
Charter of Liberties (1100)
Kingdom of Mali (c.1100 – 1670)
Geoffrey de Monmouth (c.1100 – 1154)
Matilda 'Empress Maud' (1102 – 1167)
Alexander I, King of Scotland (r.1107 – 1124)
Louis VI, King of France (r.1108 – 1137)
Angkor Wat built (1110)
Exchequer cloth devised to calculate royal
accounts (1110)
1st leper hospital opened in London (1117)
Pope Gelasius II (r.1118 – 1119)
St. Thomas a Beckett (c.1118 – 1170)
Pope Cailistus II (r.1119 – 1124)
Knights Templar founded (c.1119)
Eleanor of Aquitaine (c.1122 – 1204)
Pope Honorius II (r.1124 – 1130)
David I, King of Scotland (r.1124 – 1153)
Artesian wells used at Artois, France (1126)
Pope Innocent II (r.1130 – 1143)
Seljuks of Rum (1134 – 1308)
Stephen (r.1135 – 1154)
Louis VII, King of France (r.1137 – 1180)
Saladin (1138 – 1193)
Civil War in England (1139 – 1154)
Walter Map (c.1140 – 1209)
Pope Celestine II (r.1143 – 1144)
Pope Lucius II (r.1144 – 1145)
Pope Eugene III (r.1145 – 1153)
Giraldus Cambrensis (c.1146 – 1220)
Moscow founded (1147)
2nd Crusade (1147 – 1149)
Distillation of alcohol appears in Europe (12th
century)
Paper making spreads to Europe (c.1150)
Chess introduced to England (1151)
Berkeley Castle built (1153)
Pope Anastasius IV (r.1153 – 1154)
Malcolm IV, King of Scotland (r.1153 – 1165)
Pope Adrian IV (r.1154 – 1159)
End of Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (1154)
Henry II (r.1154 – 1189)
Pope Alexander III (r.1159 – 1181)
Simon de Montfort (c.1160 – 1218)
Ghengis Khan (1162 – 1227)
Notre Dame founded in Paris (1163)
William I 'the Lion', King of Scotland (r.1165 –
1214)
Lombard League founded (1167)
Fall of Toltecs (1168)
Anglo-Norman conquest of Ireland (1169 – 1171)
Walther von der Vogelweide (c.1170 – 1230)
St. Dominic (1170 – 1221)
Saladin conquers Egypt (1171)
Tower of Pisa built (1174)
1st Eisteddfod held in Dyfed (1176)
Philippe II, King of France (r.1180 – 1223)
Pope Lucius III (r.1181 – 1185)
St. Francis of Assisi (1182 – 1226)
Peace on Constance (1183)
Pope Urban III (r.1185 – 1187)
Kamakura period in Japan (1185 – 1333)
Pope Gregory VIII (r.1187)
Pope Clement III (r.1187 – 1191)
Saladin captures Jerusalem (1187)
1st Spanish Cortes (1188)
Richard I (r.1189 – 1199)
3rd Crusade (1189 – 1192)
Crusades hold Akko (1189 – 1291)
Ranalf Glanville (d.1190)
Knights of the Teutonic Order founded (1190)
Pope Celestine III (r.1191 – 1198)
Shoguns rule Japan (1192 – 1867)
Chartres Cathedral destroyed by fire (1194)
St. Antony of Padua (1195 – 1231)
Pope Innocent III (r.1198 – 1216)
Robin Hood (?)
John (r.1199 – 1216)
4th Crusade (1202 – 1204)
Jalal Ad-din Rumi (1207 – 1273)
Simon de Montfort (1208 – 1265)
Abigensian Wars (1209 – 1229)
5th Crusade (1212)
Alexander II, King of Scotland (r.1214 – 1249)
Roger Bacon (1214 – 1292)
Magna Carta (1215)
Pope Honorius III (r.1216 – 1227)
Henry III (r.1216 – 1272)
Kublai Khan (1216 – 1294)
Louis VIII, King of France (r.1223 – 1226)
Glass bottles and windows manufactured in
England by (1226)
Louis IX, King of France (r.1226 – 1270)
Thomas Aquinas (1226 – 1274)
Pope Gregory IX (r.1227 – 1241)
6th Crusade (1228 – 1229)
Hafsid Dynasty in Tunisia (1229 – 1574)
Notre Dame completed (1230)
Ramon Lull (1232 – 1315)
House of Commons founded (1238)
Pope Celestine IV (r.1241)
Pope Innocent IV (r.1243 – 1254)
7th Crusade (1248 – 1254)
University College, Oxford, founded (1249)
Alexander III, King of Scotland (r.1249 – 1286)
Sorbonne founded (c.1252)
Pope Alexander IV (r.1254 – 1261)
Marco Polo (1254 – 1324)
Baghdad destroyed by Mongols (1258)
Osman I (1259 – 1326)
Chartres Cathedral rebuilt (1260)
Pope Urban IV (r.1261 – 1264)
Pope Clement IV (r.1265 – 1268)
Barons Parliament in England founded (1265)
Giotto (1265 – 1337)
Dante Alighieri (1265 – 1321)
Henry de Bracton (d.1268)
Berber Dynasty in Morocco (1269 – 1420)
Philippe III, King of France (r.1270 – 1285)
Duns Scotus (1270 – 1308)
8th Crusade (1270)
Pope Gregory X (r.1271 – 1276)
William Wallace (1272 – 1305)
Edward I (r.1272 – 1307)
Amsterdam founded (1275)
Pope Innocent V (r.1276)
Pope Adrian V (r.1276)
Pope John XXI (r.1276 – 1277)
Pope Nicholas III (r.1277 – 1280)
Hapsburg Empire (1278 – 1918)
Chinese Yuan Dynasty (1279 – 1368)
Lichfield Cathedral completed (1280)
Pope Martin IV (r.1281 – 1285)
Rudolf of Hapsburg captures Austria (1282)
Sicilian Vespers (1282)
Harlech Castle built (1283 – 1289)
Peterhouse College, Cambridge, founded (1284)
Wells Cathedral built (1285)
Philippe IV, King of France (r.1285 – 1314)
Pope Honorius IV (r.1285 – 1287)
Margaret of Norway, Queen of Scotland (r.1285 –
1290)
Pope Nicholas IV (r.1288 – 1292)
Ottoman Empire (1290 – 1923)
Hereford Map (1290)
Jews expelled from England (1290)
York Minster started (1291)
Swiss Confederation (1291)
John Baliol, King of Scotland (r.1292 – 1296)
Pope St. Celestine V (r.1294)
Pope Boniface VIII (r.1294 – 1303)
Model Parliament in England (1295)
Auld Alliance formed (1295)
William of Ockham (c.1300 – 1349)
Battle of Courtrai (1302)
Pope Benedict XI (r.1303 – 1304)
Petrarch (1304 – 1374)
1st gun produced by Arabs (1304)
Standard weights and measures introduced in
England (1305)
Pope Clement V (r.1305 – 1314)
Robert I 'the Bruce', King of Scotland (r.1306 –
1329)
Edward II (r.1307 – 1327)
Avignon becomes Papal Seat (1309 – 1377)
King Mansa (Kankan) Musa of Mali (1312 – 1337)
Piers Gaveston (d.1312)
Cola di Rienzi (c.1313 – 1354)
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313 – 1375)
Louis X, King of France (r.1314 – 1316)
Battle of Bannockburn (1314)
Pope John XXII (r.1316 – 1334)
Jeanne I, Queen of France (r.1316)
Philippe V, King of France (r.1316 – 1322)
John Wycliffe (1320 – 1384)
Charles VI, King of France (r.1322 – 1328)
John Gower (c.1325 – 1408)
Edward III (r.1327 – 1377)
Philippe VI, King of France (r.1328 – 1350)
David II, King of Scotland (r.1329 – 1371)
Edward the Black Prince (1330 – 1376)
William Langland (1332 – 1400)
Black Death in China (1333)
Pope Benedict XII (r.1334 – 1342)
Timur the Lame (1336 – 1405)
Hundred Years War (1337 – 1453)
John of Gaunt (c.1340 – 1399)
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 – 1400)
Eustache Deschamps (c.1340 – 1407)
Pope Clement VI (r.1342 – 1352)
Battle of Crécy (1346)
Black death in Europe (1347 – 1352)
Prague University founded (1348)
Collapse of Florence Banks (1348)
Jean II, King of France (r.1350 – 1364)
Pope Innocent VI (r.1352 – 1362)
Battle of Poitiers (1356)
Dick Whittington (c.1358 – 1423)
Owen Glendower (c.1359 – 1416)
Pope Urban V (r.1362 – 1370)
Christine de Pisan (1364 – 1430)
Charles V, King of France (r.1364 – 1380)
Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644)
Jan Hus (1369 – 1415)
John Lydgate (c.1370 – 1450)
Pope Gregory XI (r.1370 – 1378)
Robert II, King of Scotland (r.1371 – 1390)
Margery Kempe (c.1373 – 1439)
Richard II (r.1377 – 1399)
Pope Urban VI (r.1378 – 1389)
The Great Schism (1378 – 1415)
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378 – 1455)
Thomas à Kempis (1380 – 1471)
Charles VI, King of France (r.1380 – 1422)
Peasants' Revolt (1381)
John Ball (? – 1381)
Winchester College founded (1382)
Aviz Dynasty in Portugal (1385 – 1580)
Fra Angelico (1387 – 1455)
Battle of Otterburn (1388)
Pope Boniface IX (r.1389 – 1404)
Battle of Kosovo (1389)
Cosimo de Medici (1389 – 1464)
Jan van Eyck (1390 – 1441)
Robert III, King of Scotland (r.1390 – 1406)
Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460)
Golden Horde defeated (1395)
Philip the Good (1396 – 1467), Duke of Burgundy
(1419 – 1467)
Henry IV (r.1399 – 1413)
Guillaume Dufay (1400 – 1474)
Johann Gutenburg (1400 – 1468)
Masaccio (1401 – 1428)
Pope Innocent VII (r.1404 – 1406)
James I, King of Scotland (r.1406 – 1437)
Pope Gregory XII (r.1406 – 1415)
St. Joan of Arc (1412 – 1431)
St. Andrew's University founded (1411)
Henry V (r.1413 – 1422)
Battle of Agincourt (1415)
Pope Martin V (r.1417 – 1431)
English capture Normandy (1419 – 1420)
Hussite Wars (1420 – 1436)
Charles VII, King of France (r.1422 – 1461)
Henry VI (r.1422 – 1461)
William Caxton (c.1422 – 1491)
Earl of Warwick 'King-maker' (1428 – 1471)
Order of the Golden Fleece founded (1429)
Robert Henryson (1430 – 1505)
Carlo Crivelli (c.1430 – 1493)
Thomas Malory (1430 – 1471)
John Cabot (1430 – 1498)
Pope Eugene IV (r.1431 – 1447)
Tuareg capture Timbuktu (1433)
James II, King of Scotland (r.1437 – 1460)
Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui (1438 – 1471)
Vlad the Impaler (?)
Eton College founded (1441)
Tradesmen's riots in Norwich (1443)
Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510)
Pope Nicholas V (r.1447 – 1455)
Lorenzo de Medici (1449 – 1492)
Glasgow University founded (1451)
Amerigo Vespucci (1451 – 1512)
Christopher Columbus (1451 – 1506)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)
Turks capture Constantinople (1453)
Fall of Byzantine Empire (1453)
Start of Ottoman Empire (1453)
Pope Callistus III (r.1455 – 1458)
Wars of the Roses (1455 – 1485)
Battle of Belgrade (1456)
Pope Pius II (r.1458 – 1464)
Juan Ponce de León (c.1460 – 1521)
John Skelton (c.1460 – 1529)
Hieronymus Bosch (1460 – 1516)
James III, King of Scotland (r.1460 – 1488)
Edward IV (r.1461 – 1483)
Louis XI, King of France (r.1461 – 1483)
Pope Paul II (r.1464 – 1471)
Hans Holbein the Elder (c.1464 – 1524)
Desiderius Erasmus (c.1466 – 1536)
Vasco da Gama (c.1469 – 1524)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527)
Nanak (c.1469 – 1539)
Juan de Encina (1469 – 1529)
Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)
Pope Sixtus IV (r.1471 – 1484)
Tupac Inca (1471 – 1493)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543)
Perkin Warbeck (c.1474 – 1499)
Michelangelo (1475 – 1535)
Giorgione (c.1475 – 1510)
Lambert Simnel (c.1475 – 1535)
Cardinal Wolsey (1475 – 1530)
Cesare Borgia (1476 – 1507)
Juan Sebastian del Cano (c.1476 – 1526)
Girolamo Fracastoro (c.1478 – 1553)
St. Thomas More (1478 – 1535)
Plague in England (1479)
Spanish Inquisition founded (1480)
Lucrezia Borgia (1480 – 1519)
Ferdinand Magellan (1480 – 1521)
Edward V (r.1483)
Raphael (1483 – 1520)
Martin Luther (1483 – 1546)
Charles VIII, King of France (r.1483 – 1498)
Richard III (r.1483 – 1485)
Pope Innocent (r.1484 – 1492)
Battle of Bosworth (1485)
Henry VII (r.1485 – 1509)
Aethelhampton built (1485)
Hernando Cortes (1485 – 1547)
Playing cards invented (1486)
Titian (c.1487 – 1576)
James IV, King of Scotland (r.1488 – 1513)
Thomas Cranmer (1489 – 1556)
Hugh Latimer (1490 – 1555)
Jacques Cartier (1491 – 1557)
Pope Alexander VI (r.1492 – 1503)
Fall of Grenada (1492)
Columbus sails west (1492)
Aberdeen University founded (1494)
Jacopo Carucci Pontormo (1494 – 1557)
Hans Sachs (1494 – 1576)
François Rabelais (c.1494 – 1553)
Suleiman (1494 – 1566)
John Taverner (1495 – 1545)
Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/8 – 1543)
Louis XII, King of France (r.1498 – 1515)
Romano Giulio (c.1499 – 1546)
Peace of Basle (1499)
Montezuma II (r.1502 – 1520)
Golden Hoard defeated (1502)
Francesco Parmgianino (1503 – 1540)
Pope Pius III (r.1503)
Pope Julius II (r.1503 – 1513)
Nicholas Udall (1504 – 1556)
Thomas Tallis (c.1505 – 1585)
John Knox (c.1505 – 1572)
Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh founded
(1505)
St. Peter's Cathedral, Rome, built (1506 – 1626)
Andrea Palladio (1508 – 1580)
Althorp built (1508)
John Calvin (1509 – 1564)
Henry VIII (r.1509 – 1549)
St. Paul's School, London, founded (1509)
Ambroise Paré (1510 – 1590)
Giorgio Vasari (1511 – 1574)
Gerardus Mercator (1512 – 1594)
Pope Leo X (r.1513 – 1522)
Battle of Flodden (1513)
James V, King of Scotland (r.1513 – 1542)
Hampton Court Palace built (1514)
Camera Obscura described by da Vinci (1515)
St. Teresa (1515 – 1582)
Jean Goujon (c.1515 – 1568)
François I, King of France (r.1515 – 1547)
Utopia published (1516)
Martin Luther nailed his theses to church door
(1517)
Tintoretto (1518 – 1594)
1st smallpox epidemic in Caribbean (1518)
Fall of the Aztecs (1519)
Catherine de' Medici (1519 – 1589)
St. Peter's, Rome built (1520)
Pope Adrian VI (r.1522 – 1523)
Pope Clement VII (r.1523 – 1534)
Gabriello Falloppio (1523 – 1562)
Peasant War in Germany (1524 – 1525)
Pieter Brueghel the Elder (c.1525 – 1569)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c.1525 – 1594)
Battle of Pavia (1525)
Battle of Mohács (1526)
John Dee (1527 – 1608)
Walter Raleigh (1527 – 1618)
Paolo Veronese (1528 – 1588)
Jean Bodin (1530 – 1596)
Ivan the Terrible, Tsar of Russia (1530 – 1584)
(r.1547 – 1584)
David Rizzio (1533 – 1566)
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533 – 1592)
Cartagena founded (1533)
Pope Paul III (r.1534 – 1550)
Society of Jesuits founded (1534)
Reformation in England (1534)
Robert Smythson (1535 – 1614)
Buenos Aires founded (1536)
Russia captures Astrakhan (1536)
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)
Bogota founded (1537)
Spanish conquer Incas (1539)
Francis Drake (1540 – 1592)
Joseph Scaliger (1540 – 1609)
St. John of the Cross (1542 – 1591)
Mary, Queen of Scotland (r.1542 – 1567)
El Greco (1542 – 1614)
William Byrd (1543 – 1623)
William Gilbert (1544 – 1603)
Henry Stuart Darnley (1545 – 1567)
Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601)
Miguel de Cervantes (1547 – 1616)
Henri II, King of France (r.1547 – 1559)
Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600)
Edward VI (r.1549 – 1553)
Trigonometrical tables published (1550)
Pope Julius III (r.1550 – 1555)
John Napier (1550 – 1617)
Edmund Spenser (c.1552 – 1599)
Lady Jane Grey (r.1553)
Mary (r.1553 – 1558)
Pope Marcellus II (r.1555)
Pope Paul IV (r.1555 – 1559)
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
Thomas Kyd (c.1557 – 1595)
England loses Calais (1557)
Elizabeth I (r.1558 – 1603)
Pope Pius IV (r.1559 – 1566)
François II, King of France (r.1559 – 1560)
James Crichton (1560 – 1582)
Charles IX, King of France (r.1560 – 1574)
Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626)
Wars of Religion in France
(1562 – 1598)
Sheep-gut condom invented (1563)
Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564 – 1638)
Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642)
William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616)
Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 1593)
Pope St. Pius V (r.1566 – 1572)
Caracus founded (1567)
James VI, King of Scotland (r.1567 – 1625)
Rio de Janeiro founded (1567)
Richard Burbage (c.1567 – 1619)
Rugby School founded (1567)
Old Curiosity Shop built (1567)
Claudio Monteverdi (1567 – 1643)
Jan Brueghel (1568 – 1625)
Mercator projection devised (1568)
Thomas Middleton (c.1570 – 1627)
Hans Lippershey (c.1570 – 1619)
Guy Fawkes (1570 – 1606)
Theodolite invented (1571)
Battle of Lepanto (1571)
Tirso de Molina (c.1571 – 1648)
Johann Kepler (1571 – 1630)
Ridolfi Plot (1571)
Pope Gregory XIII (r.1572 – 1585)
Ben Jonson (1572 – 1637)
John Donne (1572 – 1631)
Poor Law introduced in England (1572)
Massacre of the Huguenots (1572)
Inigo Jones (1573 – 1652)
Caravaggio (1573 – 1610)
Henri III, King of France (r.1574 – 1589)
William Oughtred (1575 – 1660)
Johann Valentin Andreae (?)
Peter Paul Rubens (1577 – 1640)
William Harvey (1578 – 1657)
John Webster (c.1580 – 1634)
Pierre Vernier (1580 – 1637)
John Smith (1580 – 1631)
Willebrord Snell (1581 – 1626)
Gregorian Calendar introduced (1582)
Edinburgh University founded (1582)
Hugo Grotius (1583 – 1645)
Orlando Gibbons (1583 – 1625)
Throckmorton Plot (1583)
Uppingham School founded (1584)
Theodore I, Tsar of Russia (r.1584 – 1598)
Pope Sixtus V (r.1585 – 1590)
John Ford (1586 – 1640)
Burghley House built (1587)
Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679)
Spanish Armada defeated by English (1588)
Henri IV, King of France (r.1589 – 1610)
Pope Urban VIII (r.1590)
Pope Gregory XIV (r.1590 – 1591)
Hardwick Hall built (1590)
Pope Innocent IX (r.1591 – 1592)
Robert Herrick (1591 – 1674)
Moroccans capture Timbuktu (1591)
Pope Clement VIII (r.1592 – 1605)
Izaak Walton (1593 – 1683)
George Herbert (1593 – 1633)
Remains of Pompeii discovered (1594)
Nicolas Poussin (1594 – 1665)
Pocahontas (c.1595 – 1617)
Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650)
Irina, Tsarina of Russia (r.1598)
Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (r.1598 – 1605)
Oliver Cromwell (1599 – 1658)
Globe Theatre in London built (1599)
Anthony Van Dyck (1599 – 1641)
Velázquez (1599 – 1660)
Microscope invented (c.1600)
Claude Lorrain (1600 – 1682)
British East India Company founded (1600)
Linköping Massacre (1600)
Pierre de Fermat (1601 – 1665)
Alonso Cano (1601 – 1667)
Bodlean Library founded (1602)
Abel Tasman (1603 – 1659)
James I (r.1603 – 1625)
Unification of England and Scotland (1603)
Tomsk founded (1604)
Pope Leo XI (r.1605)
Pope Paul V (r.1605 – 1621)
Theodore II, Tsar of Russia (r.1605)
Dimitri III, Tsar of Russia (r.1605 – 1606)
Gunpowder Plot (1605)
Basil IV, Tsar of Russia (r.1606 – 1610)
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606 – 1669)
Hatfield House built (1607 – 1611)
Tahiti discovered (1607)
Jamestown founded (1607)
Telescope invented (1608)
Quebec founded (1608)
John Milton (1608 – 1674)
Gerrard Winstanley (c.1609 – 1660)
Plantation of Ulster (1609)
Tea introduced to Europe (c.1610)
Louis XIII, King of France (r.1610 – 1643)
King James Version of Bible published (1611)
Michael Romanov, Tsar of Russia (r.1613 – 1645)
Logarithms developed (1614)
John Lilburne (c.1614 – 1657)
Slide rule invented (1615)
Hussite Revolt (1618)
Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648)
Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac (1619 – 1655)
Albert Cuyp (1620 – 1691)
Mayflower sails to America (1620)
Battle of the White Mountain (1620)
Gold Coast slave trade (1620 – 1701)
Submarine invented (1620)
Oxford University Botanic Gardens founded (1621)
Jean de La Fontaine (1621 – 1695)
Pope Gregory XV (r.1621 – 1623)
Henry Vaughan (1622 – 1695)
Moliere (1622 – 1673)
Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662)
Pope Urban VIII (r.1623 – 1644)
George Fox (1624 – 1691)
Charles I (r.1625 – 1649)
Paul Potter (1625 – 1654)
Jan Steen (1626 – 1679)
New Amsterdam founded (1626)
Robert Boyle (1627 – 1691)
John Bunyan (1628 – 1688)
Charles Perrault (1628 – 1703)
Christiaan Huygens (1629 – 1693)
Boston, Massachusetts founded (1630)
John Dryden (1631 – 1700)
1st observatory built in Leiden (1632)
Taj Mahal built (1632)
Christopher Wren (1632 – 1723)
John Locke (1632 – 1704)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723)
Jan Vermeer (1632 – 1675)
Benedict Spinoza (1632 – 1677)
Luca Giordano (1632 – 1705)
Samuel Pepys (1633 – 1703)
Covent Garden Market in London opened (1634)
George Etherege (c.1635 – 1691)
Postal service begins in Britain (1635)
Henry Morgan (c.1635 – 1688)
Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703)
Harvard University founded (1636)
Meindert Hobbema (1638 – 1709)
Nicholas Malebranche (1638 – 1715)
Ottomans capture Baghdad (1638)
Jean Racine (1639 – 1699)
Aphra Behn (1640 – 1689)
1st meeting of the Long Parliament (1640)
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727)
Barometer invented (1642)
English Civil War (1642 – 1649)
Louis XIV, King of France (r.1643 – 1715)
New England Confederation (1643)
William Penn (1644 – 1718)
Antonio Stradivari (1644 – 1737)
Pope Innocent X (r.1644 – 1655)
Start of Chinese Ching Dynasty (1644)
Alexis, Tsar of Russia (r.1645 – 1676)
William 'Captain' Kidd (c.1645 – 1701)
Battle of Naseby (1645)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 – 1716)
Levellers active (1647 – 1649)
Society of Friends (Quakers) founded (1648)
Grinling Gibbons (1648 – 1721)
Robert Barclay (1648 – 1690)
Diggers active (1649 – 1650)
Commonwealth (1649 – 1660)
Titus Oates (1649 – 1705)
1st chemistry laboratory built at Leiden
University (1650)
Thomas Savery (c.1650 – 1715)
Nell Gwyn (1651 – 1687)
Francois Fénelon (1651 – 1715)
1st Anglo-Dutch War (1652 – 1654)
Act of Settlement (1652)
1st coffee house in London opened (1652)
Cape Town founded (1652)
Johann Pachelbel (1653 – 1706)
British capture Jamaica (1655)
Pope Alexander VII (r.1655 – 1667)
Edmund Halley (1656 – 1742)
Henry Purcell (1659 – 1695)
Alessandro Scarlatti (1660 – 1725)
Hans Sloane (1660 – 1753)
Daniel Defoe (1660 – 1731)
Charles II (r.1660 – 1685)
Royal African Company founded (1663)
Thomas Newcomen (1663 – 1729)
2nd Anglo-Dutch War (1665 – 1667)
Plague in England (1665)
Differential calculus devised by Newton (1666)
Fire of London (1666)
Start of Alawi Dynasty in Morocco (1666)
Johann Christoph Pepusch (1667 – 1752)
Pope Clement IX (r.1667 – 1670)
Jonathan Swift (1667 – 1745)
End of Hanseatic League (1669)
Pope Clement X (r.1670 – 1676)
Hudson Bay Company founded (1670)
William Congreve (1670 – 1729)
Fall of Mali Empire (1670)
Rob Roy (1671 – 1734)
Joseph Addison (1672 – 1719)
Richard Steele (1672 – 1729)
Peter the Great of Russia (1672 – 1725)
3rd Anglo-Dutch War (1672 – 1674)
Jethro Tull (1674 – 1741)
Charles 'Turnip' Townshend (1674 – 1738)
Nicholas Rowe (1674 – 1718)
Integral calculus devised by Leibniz (1675)
St. Paul's, London, built (1675)
Royal Greenwich Observatory founded (1675)
Alexander Selkirk (1676 – 1721)
Pope Innocent XI (r.1676 – 1689)
Theodore III, Tsar of Russia (r.1676 – 1682)
Abraham Darby (1677 – 1717)
Popish Plot (1678)
Antonio Vivaldi (1678 – 1741)
Leibniz develops binary arithmetic (1679)
Ragley Hall built (1680)
Vitus Bering (1680 – 1741)
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681 – 1767)
Last dodo killed (1681)
Peter I and Ivan V, Tsars of Russia (r.1682 –
1696)
Pennsylvania founded (1682)
Belton House built (1684)
Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684 – 1721)
George Berkeley (1685 – 1753)
James II (r.1685 – 1688)
Monmouth's rebellion (1685)
Bloody Assizes (1685)
Georg Friedrich Handel (1685 – 1759)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750)
John Gay (1685 – 1732)
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686 – 1736)
Chatsworth built (1687 – 1707)
Alexander Pope (1688 – 1744)
James Edward Stuart 'the Old Pretender' (1688 –
1766)
Glorious Revolution (1688)
William and Mary (r.1689 – 1694)
Pope Alexander VIII (r.1689 – 1691)
Peter I 'the Great', Tsar of Russia (r.1689 –
1725)
Advocates' Library in Edinburgh founded (1789)
Montesquieu (1689 – 1755)
Samuel Richardson (1689 – 1761)
Battle of the Boyne (1690)
Pope Innocent XII (r.1691 – 1700)
Port Royal, Jamaica, destroyed by earthquake
(1692)
Salem witch trials (1692)
Massacre of Glencoe (1692)
James Bradley (1693 – 1762)
Voltaire (1694 – 1778)
Bank of England founded (1694)
William III (r.1694 – 1702)
Richard Boyle Burlington (1695 – 1753)
Bank of Scotland founded (1695)
Window tax introduced in England (1695)
Royal Board of Trade established (1696)
Steam pump invented (1696)
Antonio Canaletto (1697 – 1768)
William Hogarth (1697 – 1764)
1st Eddystone lighthouse built (1699)
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699)
Pianoforte invented (c.1700)
Pope Clement XI (r.1700 – 1721)
Northern War (1700 – 1721)
War of Spanish Succession (1701 – 1714)
Yale University founded (1701)
Anne (r.1702 – 1714)
Thomas Bayes (1702 – 1761)
St. Petersburg founded (1703)
1st Eddystone lighthouse destroyed by storm
(1703)
Earthquake in Tokyo (1703)
François Boucher (1703 – 1770)
John Wesley (1703 – 1791)
John Kay (1704 – 1764)
Dick Turpin (1706 – 1739)
Benjamin Franklin (1706 – 1790)
Union of Scotland (1707)
Henry Fielding (1707 – 1754)
Leonhard Euler (1707 – 1783)
Hannah Glasse (1708 – 1770)
Coke-fired blast furnace developed (1709)
Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709 – 1784)
South Sea Company founded (1711)
St. Paul's Cathedral in London completed (1711)
Mikhail Lomonosov (1711 – 1765)
David Hume (1711 – 1776)
Francesco Guardi (1712 – 1793)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778)
Denis Diderot (1713 – 1784)
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
Laurence Sterne (1713 – 1768)
George I (r.1714 – 1727)
Christoph Willibald von Gluck (1714 – 1787)
1st Jacobite Rebellion (1715)
Louis XV, King of France (r.1715 – 1774)
Capability Brown (1715 – 1783)
Thomas Gray (1716 – 1761)
John Metcalfe (1717 – 1810)
Horace Walpole (1717 – 1797)
Freemasons' Grand Lodge established in London
(1717)
Thomas Chippendale (1718 – 1779)
Charles Edward Stuart 'the Young Pretender' or
'Bonnie Prince Charlie' (1720 – 1788)
South Sea Bubble (1720)
Cork Harbour Club founded (1720)
Pontiac (c.1720 – 1769)
Pope Innocent XIII (r.1721 – 1724)
Paul Holbach (1723 – 1789)
William Blackstone (1723 – 1780)
Joshua Reynolds (1723 – 1792)
Adam Smith (1723 – 1790)
Richard Price (1723 – 1791)
Pope Benedict XIII (r.1724 – 1730)
George Stubbs (1724 – 1806)
Ahmad Shah Durrani (1724 – 1773)
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)
Casanova de Seingalt (1725 – 1798)
Catherine I, Tsarina of Russia (r.1725 – 1727)
Clive of India (1725 – 1774)
Robert Bakewell (1725 – 1795)
Edward Lloyd (d.1726)
George II (r.1727 – 1760)
Peter II, Tsar of Russia (r.1727 – 1730)
Thomas Gainsborough (1727 – 1788)
Oliver Goldsmith (1728 – 1774)
Chambers' Cyclopedia published (1728)
Joseph Black (1728 – 1799)
Josiah Wedgwood (1730 – 1795)
Pope Clement XII (r.1730 – 1740)
Anna Ivanova, Tsarina of Russia (r.1730 – 1740)
Captain James Cook (1731 – 1779)
Tull's The New Horse-Hoeing
Husbandry published (1731)
Sextant invented (1731)
William Cowper (1731 – 1800)
Henry Cavendish (1731 – 1810)
George Washington (1732 – 1799)
Jean Honoré Fragonard (1732 – 1806)
Richard Arkwright (1732 – 1792)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 – 1809)
Pierre Beaumarchais (1732 – 1799)
Flying shuttle invented (1733)
Daniel Boone (1734 – 1820)
Friedrich Anton Mesmer (1733 – 1815)
Robert Raikes (1735 – 1811)
James Watt (1736 – 1819)
Luigi Galvani (1737 – 1798)
Thomas Paine (1737 – 1809)
Edward Gibbon (1737 – 1794)
William Herschel (1738 – 1822)
Wesley founds Methodist Church (1739)
Pope Benedict XIV (r.1740 – 1758)
Ivan VI, Tsar of Russia (r.1740 – 1741)
War of Austrian Succession (1740 – 1748)
Marquis de Sade (1740 – 1814)
James Boswell (1740 – 1795)
Henry Cort (1740 – 1800)
Arthur Young (1741 – 1820)
Battle of Cartagena (1741)
Elizabeth, Tsarina of Russia (r.1741 – 1762)
Celsius invents thermometer (1742)
Meyer Amschel Rothschild (1743 – 1812)
Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826)
Jean Paul Marat (1743 – 1793)
Edmund Cartwright (1743 – 1823)
Johann David Wyss (1743 – 1818)
Luigi Boccherini (1743 – 1805)
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743 – 1794)
2nd Jacobite Rebellion (1745)
Alessandro Volta (1745 – 1827)
Battle of Culloden (1746)
Jacques Charles (1746 – 1823)
Goya (1746 – 1828)
Sugar extracted from beet in Prussia (1747)
Johann Elert Bode (1747 – 1826)
Jeremy Bentham (1748 – 1832)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 – 1832)
Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823)
Turnpike Acts in UK (1751 – 1772)
James Madison (1751 – 1836)
Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752 – 1834)
Thomas Chatterton (1752 – 1770)
John Nash (1752 – 1835)
Capital punishment in Russia replaced by exile
to Siberia (1753)
British Library founded (1753)
British Museum founded (1753)
Samuel Crompton (1753 – 1827)
Liverpool Town Hall built (1754)
Thomas Coke (1754 – 1842)
1st English dictionary published (1755)
Carbon dioxide discovered (1755)
Marie Antoinette (1755 – 1793)
William Godwin (1756 – 1836)
John McAdam (1756 – 1836)
Black Hole of Calcutta (1756)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 – 1791)
Seven Years War (1756 – 1763)
Thomas Telford (1757 – 1834)
Thomas Rowlandson (1757 – 1827)
William Blake (1757 – 1827)
Pope Clement XIII (r.1758 – 1769)
Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758 – 1805)
Robespierre (1758 – 1794)
William Wilberforce (1759 – 1833)
Kew Gardens founded (1759)
Robert Burns (1759 – 1796)
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 – 1797)
Johann von Schiller (1759 – 1805)
George III (r.1760 – 1820)
Luigi Cherubini (1760 – 1842)
Comte de Saint-Simon (1760 – 1825)
Madame Tussaud (1761 – 1850)
Cambridge University Botanic Garden founded
(1761)
Peter III, Tsar of Russia (r.1762)
Catherine II 'the Great', Tsarina of Russia
(r.1762 – 1796)
Veterinary School established in Lyon (1762)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762 – 1814)
1st successful appendectomy performed (1763)
William Cobbett (1763 – 1835)
Ann Radcliffe (1764 – 1823)
Thomas Minton (1765 – 1836)
Emma Hamilton (1765 – 1815)
Christie's founded (1766)
Charles Macintosh (1766 – 1843)
Hydrogen discovered (1766)
Thomas Malthus (1766 – 1834)
Henri Christophe (1767 – 1820)
Encyclopedia Britannica published
(1768)
John Crome (1768 – 1821)
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768 – 1830)
Pope Clement XIV (r.1769 – 1775)
1st Duke of Wellington (1769 – 1852)
Steam engine invented (1769)
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 – 1821)
William Smith (1769 – 1839)
Johann Holderlin (1770 – 1843)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 – 1831)
William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827)
Walter Scott (1771 – 1832)
Robert Owen (1771 – 1858)
Richard Trevithick (1771 – 1833)
David Ricardo (1772 – 1823)
François Charles Marie Fourier (1772 – 1837)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 – 1834)
Friedrich Mohs (1773 – 1839)
London Stock Exchange founded (1773)
Boston Tea-Party (1773)
Oxygen discovered (1774)
Louis XVI, King of France (r.1774 – 1792)
Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 – 1851)
Jane Austen (1775 – 1817)
André Marie Ampère (1775 – 1836)
Pope Pius VI (r.1775 – 1800)
Lisbon destroyed by earthquake (1775)
US War of Independence (1775 – 1781)
American Declaration of Independence (1776)
1st St. Leger horse race (1776)
John Dalton (1776 – 1844)
E.T.A. Hoffman (1776 – 1822)
John Constable (1776 – 1837)
Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777 – 1855)
1st iron-hulled boat built in Yorkshire (1777)
Humphrey Davy (1778 – 1829)
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778 – 1850)
Ambrosio O'Higgins (1778 – 1842)
Gordon Riots (1778)
Richard Hargreaves (d.1778)
Ironbridge built (1779)
Joseph Grimaldi (1779 – 1837)
Peter Mark Roget (1779 – 1869)
Highland clearances in Scotland (c.1780 – 1860)
Elizabeth Fry (1780 – 1845)
Stamford Raffles (1781 – 1826)
Uranus discovered (1781)
Siméon Denis Poisson (1781 – 1840)
Niccolo Paganini (c.1782 – 1840)
1st hot-air balloon flight (1783)
Treaty of Versailles (1783)
Simon Bolivar (1783 – 1830)
Power loom invented (1784)
Henry John Temple Palmerston (1784 – 1865)
Louis XVII, King of France in exile (1785 –
1795)
Cast-iron ploughshare patented (1785)
Digitalis used to treat heart disease (1785)
Thomas Love Peacock (1785 – 1866)
Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm (1785 – 1863)
Wilhelm Karl Grimm (1786 – 1859)
Davy Crockett (1786 – 1836)
Her Majesty's Stationery Office founded (1786)
Carl Weber (1786 – 1826)
Bertrand de Born (1786 – 1837)
Shaka Zulu (1787 – 1828)
Louis Daguerre (1787 – 1851)
Samuel Cunard (1787 – 1865)
Georg Simon Ohm (1787 – 1854)
George Gordon Byron (1788 – 1824)
Robert Peel (1788 – 1850)
Theodore Hook (1788 – 1841)
Sydney founded (1788)
Uranium discovered (1789)
US Constitution (1789)
French Revolution (1789)
Metric system devised (1790)
John Austin (1790 – 1859)
Samuel Morse (1791 – 1872)
Ordnance Survey established (1791)
Titanium discovered (1791)
Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867)
Gaslight invented (1792)
White House in Washington (USA) built (1792)
William Burke (1792 – 1829)
Gioachino Rossini (1792 – 1868)
French Revolutionary War (1792 – 1802)
Charles Babbage (1792 – 1871)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 – 1822)
Cotton gin invented (1793)
John Clare (1793 – 1864)
Feargus O'Connor (1794 – 1855)
Semaphore invented (1794)
Thomas Arnold (1795 – 1842)
Thomas Carlyle (1795 – 1881)
Rowland Hill (1795 – 1879)
John Keats (1795 – 1821)
Vaccination developed (1796)
Lithography invented (1796)
Jim Bowie (1796 – 1836)
Paul, Tsar of Russia (r.1796 – 1801)
Ceylon occupied by British (1796)
Mary Shelley (1797 – 1851)
Franz Schubert (1797 – 1828)
Joseph Henry (1797 – 1878)
Eugène Delacroix (1798 – 1863)
Napoleon invades Egypt (1798)
Alexander Pushkin (1799 – 1837)
Income tax introduced in UK (1799)
Rosetta Stone found (1799)
Combination Act introduced in UK (1799)
Pope Pius VII (r.1800 – 1823)
John Brown (1800 – 1859)
Electric battery invented (1800)
Union of Great Britain and Ireland (1801)
Union Jack adopted as flag of UK (1801)
Karl Baedeker (1801 – 1859)
George Biddell Airy (1801 – 1892)
Gustav Fechner (1801 – 1887)
Punch-card loom invented (1801)
Steam locomotion developed (1801)
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (r.1801 – 1825)
Victor Hugo (1802 – 1885)
Alexandre Dumas (1802 – 1870)
Edwin Landseer (1802 – 1873)
Cuneiform writing deciphered (1802)
Bulwer-Lytton (1803 – 1873)
Hector Berlioz (1803 – 1869)
Ecuador becomes independent (1803)
Napoleonic War (1803 – 1815)
Benjamin Disraeli (1804 – 1881)
Richard Cobden (1804 – 1865)
Beaufort Scale devised (1805)
Hans Christian Andersen (1805 – 1875)
Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805 – 1872)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806 – 1861)
Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 – 1859)
John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873)
End of Holy Roman Empire (1806)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 – 1882)
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807 – 1882)
Peninsular War (1808 – 1814)
Thomas Cook (1808 – 1892)
Louis Braille (1809 – 1852)
Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809 – 1865)
Edgar Allen Poe (1809 – 1849)
Mendelssohn (1809 – 1847)
Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809 – 1892)
William Gladstone (1809 – 1898)
Elizabeth Gaskell (1810 – 65)
Food canning invented (1810)
Frédéric Chopin (1810 – 1849)
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811 – 1863)
Franz Liszt (1811 – 1886)
Luddites active (1811 – 1818)
Paraguay becomes independent (1811)
Battle of Salamanca (1812)
Mohs' Scale devised (1812)
Robert Browning (1812 – 1889)
Grimms' Fairy Tales compiled (1812 – 1815)
Edward Lear (1812 – 1888)
Charles Dickens (1812 – 1870)
Claude Bernard (1813 – 1878)
Kierkegaard (1813 – 1855)
Giuseppe Verdi (1813 – 1901)
Richard Wagner (1813 – 1883)
George Boole (1814 – 1864)
David Livingstone (1814 – 1873)
Mikhail Bakunin (1814 – 1876)
Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815)
Louis XVIII, King of France (r.1815 – 1824)
Metronome invented (1815)
Corn Laws in England (1815 – 1846)
Bismark (1815 – 1898)
Ada Lovelace (1815 – 1852)
Battle of Waterloo (1815)
Anthony Trollope (1815 – 1882)
Charlotte Bronte (1816 – 1855)
Paul Julius Reuter (1816 – 1899)
Argentina becomes independent (1816)
Austen Henry Layard (1817 – 1894)
Rolled gold developed in Birmingham (1817)
Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862)
Derbyshire Rising (1817)
Charles François Gounod (1818 – 1893)
James Joule (1818 – 1889)
Leon Foucault (1819 – 1868)
Gustave Courbet (1819 – 1877)
Chile becomes independent (1818)
Emily Bronte (1818 – 1848)
Karl Marx (1818 – 1883)
Singapore founded (1819)
Jacques Offenbach (1819 – 1880)
Electro-magnetism discovered (1819)
Stethoscope invented (1819)
Charles Kingsley (1819 – 1875)
Herman Melville (1819 – 1891)
George Eliot (1819 – 1880)
John Ruskin (1819 – 1900)
Peterloo Massacre (1819)
Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895)
George IV (r.1820 – 1830)
Anne Bronte (1820 – 1849)
Anna Sewell (1820 – 1878)
John Tenniel (1820 – 1914)
Cato Street Conspiracy (1820)
Florence Nightingale (1820 – 1910)
Charles Baudelaire (1821 – 1867)
Gustave Flaubert (1821 – 1880)
Edward Thring (1821 – 1887)
Mexico becomes independent (1821)
Peru becomes independent (1821)
Ford Maddox Brown (1821 – 1893)
Greek War of Independence (1821 – 1830)
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821 – 1881)
Heinrich Schliemann (1822 – 1890)
Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895)
Photography invented (1822)
Khartoum founded (1822)
Congress of Verona (1822)
Brazil becomes independent (1822)
John Evans (1823 – 1908)
Pope Leo XII (r.1823 – 1829)
Anton Bruckner (1824 – 1896)
William Thomson Kelvin (1824 – 1907)
Bedrich Smetana (1824 – 1884)
Combination Act repealed (1824)
Charles X, King of France (r.1824 – 1830)
Thomas Hughes (1824 – 1910)
Wilkie Collins (1824 – 1889)
Johann Strauss (1825 – 1899)
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia (r.1825 – 1855)
Stockton to Darlington Railway opened (1825)
Bolivia becomes independent (1825)
Georg Riemann (1826 – 1866)
Joseph Lister (1827 – 1912)
William Holman Hunt (1827 – 1910)
Battle of Navarine (1827)
Treaty of London (1827)
Johanna Spyri (1827 – 1901)
Ohm's Law published (1827)
Uruguay becomes independent (1828)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828 – 1882)
Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828 – 1910)
Jules Verne (1828 – 1905)
London Zoo opened (1828)
Henrick Johan Ibsen (1828 – 1906)
Aluminium discovered (1828)
Chief Geronimo (1829 – 1909)
Stephenson's Rocket wins Rainhill Trial (1829)
John Everett Millais (1829 – 1896)
Pope Pius VIII (r.1829 – 1831)
William Booth (1829 – 1912)
William IV (r.1830 – 1837)
Louis XIX, King of France (r.1830)
Henri V, King of France (r.1830)
Louis-Philippe, King of France (r.1830 – 1848)
Sewing machine invented (1830)
Christina Rossetti (1830 – 1894)
Venezuela becomes independent (1830)
Dynamo invented (1831)
Camille Pissarro (1831 – 1903)
Magnetic North Pole discovered (1831)
Chloroform discovered (1831)
Pope Gregory XVI (r.1831 – 1846)
William Crookes (1832 – 1919)
Louisa May Alcott (1832 – 1888)
Gustave Eiffel (1832 – 1923)
Edouard Manet (1832 – 1883)
Gustave Doré (1832 – 1883)
Lewis Carroll (1832 – 1898)
1st Reform Act in UK (1832)
Alexander Borodin (1833 – 1887)
Johannes Brahms (1833 – 1897)
Alfred Nobel (1833 – 1896)
General Charles Gordon (1833 – 1885)
British occupy Falkland Islands (1833)
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi (1833)
Slavery abolished in British Empire (1833)
James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 – 1903)
Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834 – 1907)
Chief Sitting Bull (c.1834 – 1893)
William Morris (1834 – 1896)
Edgar Degas (1834 – 1917)
Houses of Parliament destroyed by fire (1834)
Hansom cab invented (1834)
Slavery abolished in UK (1834)
New Poor Law in UK (1834)
Tolpuddle Martyrs transported (1834)
Telegraph invented (1835)
Samuel Butler (1835 – 1902)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835 – 1921)
Mark Twain (1835 – 1910)
Battle of the Alamo (1836)
Léo Delibes (1836 – 1891)
Mrs Beeton (1836 – 1865)
London University founded (1836)
Chartism movement (1836 – 1848)
James Tissot (1836 – 1902)
W.S. Gilbert (1836 – 1911)
Birth and death registration in UK (1836)
Victoria (r.1837 – 1901)
National Gallery in London opened (1838)
Trail of Tears (1838 – 1839)
Georges Bizet (1838 – 1875)
Opium Wars (1839 – 1842)
Anti-Corn-Law League founded (1839)
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (1839 – 1881)
Paul Cézanne (1839 – 1906)
George Cadbury (1839 – 1922)
General Custer (1839 – 1876)
Bicycle invented (1839)
Alfred Sisley (1839 – 1899)
John D. Rockerfeller (1839 – 1937)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 – 1893)
Claude Monet (1840 – 1926)
Postage stamp invented (1840)
Auguste Rodin (1840 – 1917)
Thomas Hardy (1840 – 1928)
Emile Zola (1840 – 1902)
John Boyd Dunlop (1840 – 1921)
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 – 1919)
Antonin Dvorak (1841 – 1904)
Prince Pyotr Alexeivich Kropotkin (1842 – 1921)
Orange Free State founded (1842)
William James (1842 – 1910)
Arthur Sullivan (1842 – 1900)
Webster Ashburn Treaty (1842)
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (1843 – 1907)
Henry James (1843 – 1916)
1st Maori War (1843 – 1847)
Henri Rousseau (1844 – 1910)
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844 – 1889)
Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 – 1908)
Railway Acts in UK (1844)
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844 – 1900)
Karl Benz (1844 – 1929)
Irish Potato Famine (1845)
Gabriel Fauré (1845 – 1924)
Wilhelm Konrad von Röntgen (1845 – 1923)
Pope Pius IX (r.1846 – 1878)
Corn Laws repealed in UK (1846)
Ether used as dental anaesthetic (1846)
Saxophone invented (1846)
Smithsonian Institute founded (1846)
Peter Carl Fabergé (1846 – 1920)
C.S. Parnell (1846 – 1891)
Oregon Treaty (1846)
Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922)
Bram Stoker (1847 – 1912)
Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931)
Liberia founded (1847)
European revolutions (1848 – 1849)
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood formed (1848)
Vilfredo Pareto (1848 – 1923)
Public Health Act in UK (1848)
W.G. Grace (1848 – 1915)
Communist Manifesto published
(1848)
Paul Gauguin (1848 – 1903)
Danish Constitution (1849)
Californian Gold Rush (1849)
John Hopkinson (1849 – 1898)
Frances Hodgson Burnett (1849 – 1924)
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849 – 1936)
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 – 1894)
Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850 – 1916)
Factory Act in UK (1850)
Jesse Boot (1850 – 1931)
Crystal Palace built (1851)
Great Exhibition (1851)
Alois Jirasek (1851 – 1930)
Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908)
Antonio Gaudi (1852 – 1926)
Gyroscope invented (1852)
1st controlled flight in England (1853)
Transvaal founded (1853)
Cecil Rhodes (1853 – 1902)
Wilhelm Ostwald (1853 – 1932)
Bunsen burner invented (1853)
Lillie Langtry (1853 – 1929)
Vincent Van Gogh (1853 – 1890)
Arthur Rimbaud (1854 – 1891)
John Philip Sousa (1854 – 1932)
Oscar Wilde (1854 – 1900)
Crimean War (1854 – 1856)
Charge of the Light Brigade (1854)
William Friese-Greene (1855 – 1921)
Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (r.1855 – 1881)
George Bernard Shaw (1856 – 1950)
James Keir Hardie (1856 – 1915)
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
Joseph John Thomson (1856 – 1940)
Treaty of Paris (1856)
L. Rider Haggard (1856 – 1925)
Baden Powell (1857 – 1941)
Edward Elgar (1857 – 1934)
Indian Mutiny (1857)
Joseph Conrad (1857 – 1924)
Gray's Anatomy published
(1858)
Max Planck (1858 – 1947)
Giacomo Puccini (1858 – 1924)
E. Nesbitt (1858 – 1924)
1st Atlantic cable laid (1858)
John Hobson (1858 – 1940)
Rudolf Diesel (1858 – 1913)
Emmeline Pankhurst (1858 – 1928)
Pierre Curie (1859 – 1906)
Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 – 1930)
Romania founded (1859)
Edwin Lutyens (1859 – 1944)
Beeton's Household Management published
(1859)
Suez Canal built (1859 – 1869)
Georges Seurat (1859 – 1891)
Kenneth Grahame (1859 – 1932)
Jerome K. Jerome (1859 – 1927)
J.M. Barrie (1860 – 1937)
Gustav Mahler (1860 – 1911)
Anton Chekhov (1860 – 1904)
2nd Maori War (1860 – 1870)
Alfred North Whitehead (1861 – 1947)
US Civil War (1861 – 1865)
Gustav Klimt (1862 – 1918)
Frederick Delius (1862 – 1934)
Claude Debussy (1862 – 1918)
Edvard Munch (1863 – 1944)
Henry Ford (1863 – 1947)
Football Association founded (1863)
David Lloyd George (1863 – 1945)
Anthony Hope (Hawkins) (1863 – 1933)
Max Weber (1864 – 1920)
Richard Strauss (1864 – 1949)
Casey Jones (1864 – 1900)
Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901)
W.B. Yeats (1865 – 1939)
Baroness Orczy (1865 – 1947)
Rudyard Kipling (1865 – 1936)
Jean Sibelius (1865 – 1957)
Slavery abolished in USA (1865)
Salvation Army founded (1865)
Abraham Lincoln assassinated (1865)
Russians capture Tashkent (1865)
H.G. Wells (1866 – 1946)
Beatrix Potter (1866 – 1943)
Erik Satie (1866 – 1925)
Wassily Kandinsky (1866 – 1944)
H.G. Wells (1866 – 1946)
Austro-Prussian War (1866)
Marie Curie (1867 – 1934)
Dynamite invented (1867)
John Galsworthy (1867 – 1933)
Fenian Uprising (1867)
2nd Reform Act in UK (1867)
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 – 1928)
Robert Falcon Scott (1868 – 1912)
Typewriter invented (1868)
Maxim Gorky (1868 – 1936)
Trades Union Congress established (1868)
Cutty Sark built (1869)
Henri Matisse (1869 – 1954)
Frederick Matthias Alexander (1869 – 1955)
Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948)
Josef Hoffmann (1870 – 1956)
Hilaire Belloc (1870 – 1953)
Remains of Troy discovered (1870)
Franz Lehár (1870 – 1948)
H.H. Munro 'Saki' (1870 – 1916)
Rosa Luxemburg (1870 – 1919)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870 – 1924)
Education Act in UK (1870)
Franco-Prussian War (1870)
Rubber condom invented (1871)
Rasputin (1871 – 1916)
Marcel Proust (1871 – 1922)
Trade Union Act (1871)
Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937)
Roald Amundsen (1872 – 1928)
Ballot Act (1872)
Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872 – 1958)
Bertrand Russell (1872 – 1970)
Sergei Rachmaninov (1873 – 1943)
Walter de la Mare (1873 – 1956)
G. K. Chesterton (1874 – 1936)
Harry Houdini (1874 – 1926)
Gustav Holst (1874 – 1934)
Gertrude Stein (1874 – 1946)
Gramophone invented (1874)
W. Somerset Maugham (1874 – 1965)
L. M. Montgomery (1874 – 1942)
Ernest Shackleton (1874 – 1922)
Guglielmo Marconi (1874 – 1937)
Howard Carter (1874 – 1939)
Winston Churchill (1874 – 1965)
Arthur Mee (1875 – 1943)
Alexandra Palace in London built (1875)
Gelignite invented (1875)
Maurice Ravel (1875 – 1937)
Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875 – 1950)
Carl Gustav Jung (1875 – 1961)
Mata Hari (1876 – 1917)
Battle of Little Big Horn (1876)
Jack London (1876 – 1916)
Telephone invented (1876)
Dewey decimal system devised (1876)
Hermann Hesse (1877 – 1962)
Zulu War (1877)
1st Wimbledon tournament (1877)
John Masefield (1878 – 1967)
Pope Leo XIII (r.1878 – 1903)
Congress of Berlin (1878)
Paul Klee (1879 – 1940)
Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
Bournville founded (1879)
Saltpetre War (1879 – 1883)
Leon Trotsky (1879 – 1946)
Battle of Rorke's Drift (1879)
Tay Bridge disaster (1879)
Joseph Stalin (1879 – 1953)
Alfred Wegener (1880 – 1930)
Telephone directory published in London (1880)
Leonard Woolley (1880 – 1960)
Alfred Noyes (1880 – 1958)
British defeated by Boers (1880 – 1881)
Cecil B. de Mille (1881 – 1959)
Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (r.1881 – 1894)
Béla Bartók (1881 – 1945)
Pablo Picasso (1881 – 1973)
P.G. Wodehouse (1881 – 1975)
Anna Pavlova (1881 – 1931)
Alexander Fleming (1881 – 1955)
Hans Geiger (1882 – 1945)
Johann Strauss (1882 – 1971)
James Joyce (1882 – 1941)
Igor Stravinsky (1882 – 1971)
A. A. Milne (1882 – 1956)
Forth Rail Bridge built (1882 – 1890)
Virginia Woolf (1882 – 1941)
Eruption of Krakatowa (1883)
Clough Williams-Ellis (1883 – 1978)
Franz Kafka (1883 – 1924)
John Maynard Keynes (1883 – 1946)
Benito Mussolini (1883 – 1945)
Arthur Ransome (1884 – 1967)
Fabian Society founded (1884)
Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962)
D.H. Lawrence (1885 – 1930)
3rd Reform Act in UK (1885)
Colombia becomes independent (1886)
Coca-Cola first produced (1886)
Siegfried Sassoon (1886 – 1967)
Linotype invented (1886)
Chiang Kai-shek (1887 – 1975)
Eiffel Tower built (1889)
Rupert Brooke (1887 – 1915)
T.S. Eliot (1888 – 1965)
National Geographic Society founded (1888)
Irving Berlin (1888 – 1989)
John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946)
Jack the Ripper active (1888)
Port Sunlight founded (1888)
Movie camera invented (1888)
Jean Cocteau (1889 – 1963)
Charlie Chaplin (1889 – 1977)
Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 – 1951)
Agatha Christie (1890 – 1976)
Ho Chi Minh (1890 – 1969)
Stan Laurel (1890 – 1965)
Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)
Molotov (1890 – 1986)
Zip-fastener invented (1891)
Max Ernst (1891 – 1976)
Sergey Prokofiev (1891 – 1963)
Darius Milhaud (1892 – 1974)
Oliver Hardy (1892 – 1957)
General Franco (1892 – 1975)
J.R.R. Tolkien (1892 – 1973)
General Tito (1892 – 1980)
National Trust founded (1893)
Joan Miró (1893 – 1983)
Mao Tse-tung (1893 – 1976)
Manchester Ship Canal opened (1894)
Aldous Huxley (1894 – 1963)
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (r.1894 – 1917)
Dreyfus Affair (1894)
Rudolf Valentino (1895 – 1926)
Wireless radio invented (1895)
1st Promenade Concert in London (1895)
Robert Graves (1895 – 1985)
Carl Orff (1895 – 1982)
Buster Keaton (1895 – 1966)
Juan Perón (1895 – 1974)
X-rays discovered (1895)
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 – 1940)
Olympic Games resumed (1896)
Ernest Hemmingway (1896 – 1961)
Jameson Raid (1896)
Oswald Mosely (1896 – 1980)
Electric tram developed (1897)
Viruses discovered (1897)
Enid Blyton (1897 – 1968)
Electron discovered (1897)
Sudan War (1897 – 1898)
Rene Magritte (1898 – 1967)
C.S. Lewis (1898 – 1963)
Henry Moore (1898 – 1986)
Bertold Brecht (1898 – 1956)
George Gershwin (1898 – 1937)
Radium discovered (1898)
Al Capone (1898 – 1947)
Golda Meir (1898 – 1978)
Boer Wars (1899 – 1902)
Fred Astaire (1899 – 1987)
Jimmy Angel (1899 – 1956)
Duke Ellington (1899 – 1974)
Alfred Hitchcock (1899 – 1980)
Clarice Cliff (1899 – 1972)
Aspirin developed (1899)
Noël Coward (1899 – 1973)
Kurt Weill (1900 – 1950)
Ayatollah Khomeini (1900 – 1989)
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Edward VII (r.1901 – 1910)
Louis Armstrong (1901 – 1971)
Commonwealth of Australia founded (1901)
George Horace Gallup (1901 – 1984)
Francis Chichester (1901 – 1972)
Nobel Prizes 1st awarded (1901)
Walt Disney (1901 – 1966)
Maurits Cornelis Escher (1902 – 1972)
Felix Wankel (1902 – 1988)
Karl Popper (b.1902)
John Ernest Steinbeck (1902 – 1968)
1st Tour de France (1903)
Aeroplane developed (1903)
Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (1903 – 1978)
Bix Beiderbecke (1903 – 1931)
John Wyndham (1903 – 1969)
George Orwell (1903 – 1950)
Pope St. Pius X (r.1903 – 1914)
Panama becomes independent (1903)
J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904 – 1967)
Diode valve invented (1904)
Cecil Beaton (1904 – 1980)
Glenn Miller (1904 – 1944)
Marlene Dietrich (1904 – 1992)
George Formby (1904 – 1961)
Salvador Dali (1904 – 1989)
Greta Garbo (1905 – 1990)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 – 1980)
Howard Hughes (1905 – 1976)
Christian Dior (1905 – 1957)
Attempted revolution in Russia (1905)
Moroccan crisis (1905)
Rolls-Royce Ltd founded in Derby (1906)
San Francisco earthquake (1906)
T.H. White (1906 – 1964)
Shostakovich (1906 – 1975)
A.J.P. Taylor (1906 – 1990)
Labour Party formed in UK (1906)
Hergé (1907 – 1983)
W.H. Auden (1907 – 1973)
Frank Whittle (b.1907)
Laurence Olivier (1907 – 1989)
Start of film industry in Hollywood (1907 –
1911)
Stephane Grappelli (1908 – 1997)
Victor Borge (1909 – 2000)
pH scale devised (1909)
Tel Aviv founded (1909)
North Pole reached (1909)
South African Union established (1910)
George V (r.1910 – 1936)
Mother Theresa (1910 – 1997)
Machu Picchu discovered (1911)
Superconductivity discovered (1911)
1st Monte Carlo Rally (1911)
1st Indianapolis 500 (1911)
South Pole reached (1911)
Ginger Rogers (b.1911)
Chinese Revolution (1911)
Alan Mathison Turing (1912 – 1954)
Milton Friedman (b.1912)
Pravda founded (1912)
Jackson Pollock (1912 – 1956)
John Cage (1912 – 1992)
Woody Guthrie (1912 – 1967)
Piltdown Man discovered (1912)
Sinking of the Titanic (1912)
Cosmic radiation discovered (1912)
Stainless steel invented (1913)
Benjamin Britten (1913 – 1976)
Crete becomes part of Greece (1913)
Panama Canal opened (1914)
Thor Heyerdahl (b.1914)
Dylan Thomas (1914 – 1953)
Alec Guinness (b.1914)
Pope Benedict XV (r.1914 – 1922)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated (1914)
1st World War (1914 – 1918)
Toc H founded (1915)
Frank Sinatra (b.1915)
Arthur Miller (b.1915)
Moshe Dayan (1915 – 1981)
Easter Uprising in Dublin (1916)
Roald Dahl (1916 – 1990)
Dizzy Gillespie (1917 - 1993)
Indira Gandhi (1917 – 1984)
Balfour Declaration (1917)
Russian Revolution (1917)
Leonard Bernstein (1918 – 1990)
Fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918)
Czechoslovakia formed (1918)
Alexander Solzhenitsyn (b.1918)
Ingmar Bergman (b.1918)
Nelson Mandela (b.1918)
Women over 30 get vote in UK (1918)
Spanish-influenza pandemic (1918 – 1919)
League of Nations (1919)
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Eva Perón 'Evita' (1919 – 1952)
James Lovelock (b.1919)
Doris Lessing (b.1919)
Treaty of St. Germain (1919)
Afghanistan becomes independent (1919)
Massacre at Amritsar (1919)
Bauhaus founded (1919)
Bloody Sunday killings in Dublin (1920)
Tim Leary (1920 – 1996)
Treaty of Trianon (1920)
Prohibition in USA (1920 – 1933)
Alexander Dubcek (1921 – 1992)
Malcolm Arnold (b.1921)
Eric Laithwaite (1921 – 1997)
Philip Larkin (1922 – 1985)
Christiaan Barnard (b.1922)
Kingsley Amis (1922 – 1995)
2LO London starts broadcasting (1922)
Tutankhamen's tomb discovered (1922)
Pope Pius XI (r.1922 – 1939)
1st Le Mans 24-Hour Race (1923)
Sydney Harbour Bridge built (1923 – 1932)
Jack Kerouac (1923 – 1969)
Marcel Marceau (b.1923)
Turkey becomes sovereign state (1923)
Tony Hancock (1924 – 1968)
B.B. King (b.1925)
Portmeirion built (1925 – 1975)
Peter Sellers (1925 – 1980)
Margaret Thatcher (b.1925)
Idi Amin (1925 – 2003)
Geneva Protocol (1925)
Television developed (1926)
British Broadcasting Corporation founded (1926)
General Strike in UK (1926)
Fowler's Modern English Usage published
(1926)
Malcolm X (1926 – 1965)
Marilyn Monroe (1926 – 1962)
Michel Foucault (1926 – 1984)
Harlem Globetrotters founded (1927)
The Jazz Singer, 1st talking picture
(1927)
Fidel Castro (b.1927)
Ché Guevara (1928 – 1967)
Noam Chomsky (b.1928)
Penicillin discovered (1928)
Women over 21 get vote in UK (1928)
Mickey Mouse makes first appearance in Steamboat
Willie (1928)
Pact of Paris (1928)
Wall Street Crash (1929)
Jacques Brel (1929 – 1978)
Vatican City becomes sovereign state (1929)
Yassir Arafat (b.1929)
Martin Luther King (1929 – 1968)
Anne Frank (1929 – 1945)
Stephen Sondheim (b.1930)
Harold Pinter (b.1930)
Pluto discovered (1930)
Andy Warhol (1930 – 1987)
Haile Selassie (1930 – 1974)
Ted Hughes (b.1930)
Jet engine invented (1930)
Empire State Building built (1931)
Neutron discovered (1932)
Mass Trespass on Kinder Scout (1932)
Umberto Eco (b.1932)
Night of the Long Knives (1934)
Civil War in Austria (1934)
Mao's Long March (1934)
Radar invented (1935)
Elvis Presley (1935 – 1977)
Polyethylene developed (1935)
Vaclav Havel (b.1936)
Jarrow Crusade (1936)
Gold Standard abandoned (1936)
Italy annexes Ethiopia (1936)
Spanish Civil War (1936 – 1938)
Edward VIII (r.1936)
George VI (r.1936 – 1952)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs –
1st feature-length animation (1937)
Philip Glass (b.1937)
Golden Gate Bridge built (1937)
Electro-convulsive therapy developed (1937)
Biro invented (1938)
Nylon invented (1938)
Germany annexes Austria (1938)
Munich Agreement (1938)
Kristallnacht (1938)
1st working computer built (1938)
Sutton Hoo discovered (1939)
1st helicopter flight (1939)
Pope Pius XII (r.1939 – 1958)
Second World War (1939 – 1945)
Clive Sinclair (b.1940)
Pelé (b.1940)
Evacuation of Dunkirk (1940)
Battle of Britain (1940)
House of Commons in London bombed (1941)
Pearl Harbour Bombed (1941)
T-shirt developed (1942)
Gruinard Island in Scotland infected with
anthrax (1942)
Battle of El Alamein (1942)
Colonel Gaddafi (b.1942)
Jimi Hendrix (1942 – 1970)
Stephen Hawking (b.1942)
1st nuclear reactor tested (1942)
Aqualung ('SCUBA') invented (1943)
D-day landings (1944)
Battle of the Bulge (1944)
International Monetary Fund established (1944)
Ejector seat invented (1945)
Bob Marley (1945 – 1980)
USA uses atomic bombs on Japan (1945)
United Nations formed (1945)
International Court of Justice established
(1945)
Nuremberg Trials (1945 – 1946)
Cold War (1945 – 1990)
Steve Biko (1946 – 1977)
Lebanon, Syria and Jordan become independent
(1946)
British Rail founded (1947)
Lech Walesa (b.1947)
Steven Spielberg (b.1947)
Transistor invented (1947)
Prussia dissolved (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
India becomes independent (1947)
Carbon dating developed (1947)
Holography invented (1948)
National Health Service in UK founded (1948)
Burma becomes independent (1948)
State of Israel founded (1948)
Indonesia becomes independent (1949)
NATO formed (1949)
Korean War (1950 – 1953)
Richard Branson (b.1950)
European Coal and Steel Community established
(1951)
Libya becomes independent (1951)
Elizabeth II (r.1952 – )
Hillary and Tensing climb Mount Everest (1952)
Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952)
Linton Kwesi Johnson (b.1952)
1st meeting of Bilderberg (1953)
Silicon chip developed (1953)
Heart-lung machine invented (1953)
Polio vaccine developed (1953)
DNA structure published (1953)
Vietnam War (1954 – 1973)
Warsaw Pact (1955)
Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia become independent
(1956)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Treaty of Rome establishes EEC (1957)
1st artificial satellite launched (1957)
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament founded (1958)
Pope John XXIII (r.1958 – 1963)
Cuban Revolution (1959)
International Antarctic Treaty (1959)
Nigeria, Zaire, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory
Coast, Mauritania, Senegal, Dahomey, Togo, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo and Somalia become
independent (1960)
1st laser constructed (1960)
Sierra Leone becomes independent (1961)
1st space flight (1961)
Berlin Wall built (1961)
Diana, Princess of Wales (1961 – 1997)
Amnesty International founded (1961)
Coventry Cathedral built (1962)
Jamaica, Uganda, Cyprus and Algeria become
independent (1962)
The Beatles (1962 – 1970)
Fax invented (1962)
Cuban missile crisis (1962)
Pope Paul VI (r.1963 – 1978)
Malaysia becomes independent (1963)
Kennedy assassinated (1963)
Kenya becomes independent (1963)
Aberfan landslide (1966)
Palestine Liberation Organisation formed (1964)
US Civil Rights Laws (1964)
Rhodesia makes unilateral declaration of
independence (1965)
Botswana becomes independent (1966)
Abortion Act in UK (1967)
Military Coup in Greece (1967)
Six Day War in Israel (1967)
Biafran War (1967 – 1970)
1st heart-transplant operation (1967)
May Unrest in Paris (1968)
Prague Spring (1968)
USSR invades Czechoslovakia (1968)
Stonewall Riot (1969)
Open University founded (1969)
1st Moon landing (1969)
Floppy disk developed (1970)
Greenpeace founded (1971)
Microprocessor developed (1971)
Christiania founded (1972)
Biological Weapons Convention (1972)
Bloody Sunday killings in Derry (1972)
CAT scan developed (1972)
World Trade Center built (1972 – 1973)
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Bahamas becomes independent (1973)
UK, Eire and Denmark join EEC (1973)
Cod War between UK and Iceland (1973)
VAT introduced in UK (1973)
Military Coup in Chile (1973)
Bosporus Bridge built (1973)
Sydney Opera House built (1973)
Watergate scandal (1973 – 1974)
Terracotta Army discovered in Xian, China (1974)
End of military rule in Greece (1974)
Turkey invades Cyprus (1974)
Angola becomes independent (1975)
Punk movement started in London (1976)
Pope John Paul I (r.1978)
Pope John Paul II (r.1978 - )
1st test-tube baby born (1978)
Iranian Revolution (1978 – 1979)
USSR invades Afghanistan (1979)
Gaia theory proposed (1979)
Solidarity founded (1980)
Sony Walkman produced (1980)
Eruption of Mount St. Helens (1980)
Start of Gulf War (1980)
Zimbabwe becomes independent (1980)
1st space shuttle flight (1981)
Inner-city riots in UK (1981)
AIDS diagnosed (1981)
Falklands War (1982)
USA invades Granada (1983)
Bhopal chemical disaster (1984)
Leprosy vaccine developed (1984)
Band Aid concert (1985)
French government agents sink Rainbow Warrior
(1985)
Chernobyl reactor accident (1986)
Mir space station launched (1986)
USA bombs Libya (1986)
Marcos overthrown in Philippines (1986)
Intifada started (1987)
Stock Market crash (1987)
Iran Contra affair (1987)
Piper Alpha fire (1988)
Optical microprocessor developed (1988)
Armenian earthquake (1988)
Lockerbie air crash (1988)
Tiananmen Square massacre (1989)
Berlin Wall brought down (1989)
Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (1989)
Romanian Revolution (1989)
USA invades Panama (1989)
Nelson Mandela released from prison (1990)
Channel Tunnel built (1990)
Poll Tax riots in UK (1990)
Prison riots in UK (1990)
Iraq invades Kuwait (1990)
German reunification (1990)
USSR dissolved (1991)
UN forces attack Iraq (1991)
Czechoslovakia divided into Czech and Slovak
Republics (1992)
Patent issued on 1st genetically engineered
animal, the oncomouse (1992)
USA invades Somalia (1992 – 1995)
Oslo Accord (1993)
Convention on Chemical Weapons (1993)
Start of Hutu-Tutsi wars (1994)
1st women ordained in Church of England (1994)
Battle of Wanstonia (1994)
Barings Bank collapse (1995)
Luxor massacre (1997)
Dolly the Sheep cloned (1997)
NATO forces attack Serbia (1999)
Euro introduced (1999)
Election scandal in USA (2000)
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